Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya Panchanpur road, Post- Fatehpur, P.S- Tekari, District-Gaya, 824236, India.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Nov 7;46(12):503. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02282-y.
The use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in specific regions is still prevalent. Moreover, the impact of past utilization can be observed in the present environmental matrices. The present study monitored the extent of contamination of OCPs in the soil and vegetable samples of Gaya, Bihar, India. For this, 63 soil and vegetable samples were collected from the vegetable cultivated area of Gaya. The collected samples were extracted using a Soxhlet extraction unit and OCPs were analysed with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detector. The concentration data generated from the analysis were interpreted using statistical tools and software. Mean concentration (μg/g) of ΣOCPs in soil from residential, agricultural, commercial, and polyhouse sites were 0.69, 2.21, 0.17, and 0.72, respectively. Similarly, in vegetable samples, mean concentration (μg/g) of ΣOCPs were 0.91, 0.96, 1.00, and 0.67, respectively. Among the monitored vegetable types, the concentration of OCPs increased in the order: pods > tubers > leaves > fruits > roots > stem. The bioconcentration factor of 19 OCPs showed that 61.90% of vegetable samples were hyperaccumulators. The results of molecular diagnostic ratio and positive matrix factorization reported the recent inputs of heptachlor, aldrin, endrin and methoxychlor; the past application of dichlorodimethyltrichloroethane (DDT), endosulfan, and chlordane; and the degradation of DDT to its metabolites and aldrin to dieldrin, which make up an overall source profile of OCPs in study area. The study found that incremental lifetime cancer risks and hazard quotients ranged from 6.98 × 10 to 1.31 × 10 and 4.25 × 10 to 4.63 × 10, respectively in vegetable samples which indicate low to high ILCR and low non-carcinogenic risk to populations exposed to OCPs. The study indicates the long lasting impact of past pesticide use by studying the contamination in soil and vegetables, and raises serious concerns about food safety. The contamination poses direct health risk to consumers related to potential carcinogenic and endocrine disrupting effects. Thus monitoring on the ground level could be a force to modify region specific policies, health, and remediation measures related to exposure to OCPs.
有机氯农药 (OCPs) 在特定地区的使用仍然很普遍。此外，过去的使用情况会对当前的环境基质产生影响。本研究监测了印度比哈尔邦加雅地区土壤和蔬菜样本中 OCPs 的污染程度。为此，从加雅的蔬菜种植区采集了 63 个土壤和蔬菜样本。采集的样本使用索氏提取装置提取，并用气相色谱-质谱检测器分析 OCPs。分析生成的浓度数据使用统计工具和软件进行解释。住宅、农业、商业和温室地点土壤中 ΣOCPs 的平均浓度 (μg/g) 分别为 0.69、2.21、0.17 和 0.72。同样，在蔬菜样本中，ΣOCPs 的平均浓度 (μg/g) 分别为 0.91、0.96、1.00 和 0.67。在所监测的蔬菜类型中，OCPs 的浓度按以下顺序增加：豆荚>块茎>叶>果>根>茎。19 种 OCPs 的生物浓缩因子表明，61.90%的蔬菜样本为超积累者。分子诊断比和正矩阵因子化的结果报告了七氯、艾氏剂、异狄氏剂和甲氧氯的近期输入；滴滴涕、硫丹和氯丹的过去应用；以及滴滴涕向其代谢物和艾氏剂向狄氏剂的降解，构成了研究区域 OCPs 的总体来源特征。研究发现，蔬菜样本中的增量终生癌症风险和危害商数范围分别为 6.98×10-6 至 1.31×10-5 和 4.25×10-6 至 4.63×10-5，这表明接触 OCPs 的人群的 ILCR 处于低至高，非致癌风险低。该研究通过研究土壤和蔬菜的污染，发现了过去农药使用的持久影响，这对食品安全提出了严重关切。污染对消费者构成了直接的健康风险，与潜在的致癌和内分泌干扰效应有关。因此，在地面进行监测可能是一种力量，可以修改与接触 OCPs 相关的特定区域政策、健康和修复措施。
