Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, People's Republic of China.
Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, 321017, People's Republic of China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Nov 7;46(12):500. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02279-7.
The rise in antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) has recently become a pressing issue, with livestock manure identified as a significant source of these genes. Yet, the distribution of fertilizers derived from livestock manure sold online, potentially containing high levels of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), is often not considered. Our study involved a random survey of commercial organic fertilizers available on online marketplaces, focusing on 13 common ARGs and 2 integrons (intI1, intI2). We found significant ARGs linked to sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracycline in the 20 fertilizer samples we tested. The gene copy numbers for ermC, sul2, and tetL were exceptionally high, reaching up to 10 copies per gram of fertilizer in specific samples. Additionally, 18 out of 20 samples contained the critical β-lactam resistance genes blaTEM and blaKPC, with gene copy numbers up to 10 copies/g. Integrons, intI1, and intI2 were present in all samples, with abundances ranging from 10 to 10 copies/g. We categorized the 20 samples into three types for further analysis: poultry manure, livestock manure, and earthworm manure. Our findings indicated a high presence of ARGs in poultry manure compared to a lower occurrence in earthworm manure. The study also showed a strong correlation between integrons and specific ARGs. This research underscores the potential risk of commercial organic fertilizers as a pathway for spreading ARGs from the animal breeding environment to human settings through express transportation.
抗生素耐药基因 (ARGs) 的增加最近成为一个紧迫的问题，而牲畜粪便被认为是这些基因的重要来源。然而，从网上销售的牲畜粪便中提取的肥料的分布情况，其中可能含有高水平的 ARGs 和抗生素耐药细菌 (ARB)，通常并未被考虑。我们的研究随机调查了网上市场上出售的商业有机肥料，重点关注 13 种常见的 ARGs 和 2 种整合子 (intI1、intI2)。我们在 20 个肥料样本中发现了与磺胺类、大环内酯类和四环素类相关的显著 ARGs。在特定样本中，ermC、sul2 和 tetL 的基因拷贝数异常高，达到每克肥料 10 个拷贝。此外，20 个样本中有 18 个含有关键的β-内酰胺类耐药基因 blaTEM 和 blaKPC，基因拷贝数高达 10 个拷贝/g。整合子、intI1 和 intI2 存在于所有样本中，丰度范围为 10 到 10 个拷贝/g。我们将 20 个样本分为三类进行进一步分析：家禽粪便、牲畜粪便和蚯蚓粪便。我们的研究结果表明，家禽粪便中 ARGs 的存在率高于蚯蚓粪便。研究还表明，整合子与特定的 ARGs 之间存在很强的相关性。这项研究强调了商业有机肥料作为一种从动物养殖环境传播 ARGs 到人类环境的途径的潜在风险，特别是通过快递运输。
