Savolainen Eero H J, Ihalainen Johanna K, Vänttinen Tomi, Walker Simon
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Oct 24;6:1454519. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1454519. eCollection 2024.
This observational study investigated: (1) potential changes in female football players' in-season training load, intensity and physical performance, and (2) if in-season accumulated training load, intensity, or their progression are associated to changes in physical performance.
Thirty-five national level female players (∼21 years, = 35) from three top-teams of the Finnish national league participated. Players performed tests at the beginning and at the end of the 27-week in-season. Tests were: 30-m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ) and 1,200-m shuttle run, used to calculate maximal aerobic speed (MAS). Players' external and internal training load and intensity were monitored in all on-field training sessions and official matches (3,941 data samples) using Polar Team Pro system.
Training load decreased towards the end of the in-season ( < 0.05), but intensity remained stable. No changes in physical performance test results occurred from before to after in-season tests at a group level. Change of CMJ correlated negatively with accumulated training load, intensity and progression of total distance (TD) and low-intensity running distance (LIRD) ( = -0.398 to -0.599, < 0.05). Instead, development of MAS correlated positively with progression of TD and LIRD intensities ( = 0.594 and 0.503, < 0.05). Development of both CMJ and MAS correlated positively with intensity progression of very-high-intensity running distance (VHIRD) and number of accelerations and decelerations ( = 0.454-0.588, < 0.05).
Reduced training load over the in-season is not detrimental for players' physical performance when training intensity progressively increases. Intensity progression of VHIRD, moderate- and high-intensity accelerations and decelerations are indicators of both MAS and CMJ development, respectively.
本观察性研究调查了：（1）女子足球运动员赛季内训练负荷、强度和身体表现的潜在变化，以及（2）赛季内累积训练负荷、强度或其进展是否与身体表现的变化相关。
来自芬兰国家联赛三支顶级球队的35名国家级女子球员（约21岁，n = 35）参与了研究。球员们在为期27周的赛季开始和结束时进行了测试。测试项目包括：30米短跑、立定跳远（CMJ）和1200米穿梭跑，用于计算最大有氧速度（MAS）。使用Polar Team Pro系统在所有场内训练课程和正式比赛（3941个数据样本）中监测球员的外部和内部训练负荷及强度。
赛季接近尾声时训练负荷下降（P < 0.05），但强度保持稳定。在组水平上，赛季内测试前后身体表现测试结果没有变化。CMJ的变化与累积训练负荷、强度以及总距离（TD）和低强度跑步距离（LIRD）的进展呈负相关（r = -0.398至-0.599，P < 0.05）。相反，MAS的发展与TD和LIRD强度的进展呈正相关（r = 0.594和0.503，P < 0.05）。CMJ和MAS的发展均与极高强度跑步距离（VHIRD）的强度进展以及加速和减速次数呈正相关（r = 0.454 - 0.588，P < 0.05）。
当训练强度逐渐增加时，赛季内训练负荷的降低对球员的身体表现并无不利影响。VHIRD、中高强度加速和减速的强度进展分别是MAS和CMJ发展的指标。
