Ethyl acetate is a critical medical indicator for detecting certain types of cancer. However, at present, available sensitive materials often exhibit drawbacks, such as high operating temperatures and poor responses to low concentrations of ethyl acetate. In this study, a ZnO nanorod sensing material was prepared using high-temperature annealing and a hydrothermally synthesized metal-organic framework (MOF) as a template. Au nanodots (AuNDs) were subsequently modified on the ZnO nanorods using an in situ ion reduction, which provided a better dispersion of Au nanodots compared with that obtained using the common reductant method. A variety of characterization methods indicate that the highly dispersed AuNDs, which possess a high catalytic activity, were loaded onto the surface as active centers, leading to a significant augmentation in the adsorption of oxygen on the surface compared with the original ZnO material. Consequently, the AuND@ZnO material exhibited heightened responsiveness to ethyl acetate at a lower operating temperature. The Au@ZnO-based sensor has a response rate (R/R) of 41.8 to 20 ppm ethyl acetate gas at 140 °C, marking a 17.4-fold increase compared with that of the original material. Due to its low power consumption and high responsiveness, AuND@ZnO is a promising candidate for the detection of ethyl acetate gas in medical applications.