Head and neck cancer is the seventh leading cancer diagnosis worldwide. One of the most common cancers in the head and neck region is laryngeal cancer. In past years, the incidence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma has risen by 23%, and despite progress in treatment modalities, the survival rate has not changed. It is well known that genetic alterations may contribute to individuals' susceptibility to cancer. Research of genetic alterations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, is essential to understanding carcinogenesis and susceptibility of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. A total of 200 LSCC patients and 200 controls were included in this retrospective case-control study; both groups were matched by age and sex. In the present study, we analyzed six SNPs in genes essential for apoptosis regulation: (rs9895829, rs17884306), (rs1564483, rs4987855), (rs704243), () (rs1041978, rs78800940). We evaluated their associations with the risk of LSCC development, its pathomorphological manifestation, and patients' overall survival rate. Genotyping was carried out using RT-PCR. The AG genotype of rs9895829 was more prevalent in controls than in cancer patients, leading to lower susceptibility to LSCC (OR = 0.301; 95%CI 0.096-0.940; = 0.039). None of the analyzed SNPs showed an association with pathomorphological features of LSCC, but rs1041978 T allele carriers were found to be diagnosed with LSCC at an older age (OR = 1.962; 95%CI 1.072-3.592; = 0.031). There was no statistically significant association between investigated SNPs and patient OS. The present study indicates that the AG genotype of rs9895829 provides a protective effect against LSCC development.