Nie Tangzhe, Li Jianfeng, Jiang Lili, Zhang Zhongxue, Chen Peng, Li Tiecheng, Dai Changlei, Sun Zhongyi, Yin Shuai, Wang Mengxue
School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Oct 31;13(21):3067. doi: 10.3390/plants13213067.
Enhancing irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application has become a vital strategy for ensuring food security in the face of population growth and resource scarcity. A 2-year experiment was conducted to determine to investigate the effects of different irrigation lower limits and nitrogen fertilizer application amounts on millet growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), N utilization, and inorganic nitrogen accumulation in the soil in 2021 and 2022. The experiment was designed with four irrigation lower limits, corresponding to 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of the field capacity (FC), referred to as I, I, I, and I. Four nitrogen fertilizer application were also included: 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg·hm (designated as F, F, F, and F), resulting in a total of 16 treatments. Binary quadratic regression equations were established to optimize the irrigation and nitrogen application. The results demonstrated that the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, yield, spike diameter, spike length, spike weight, WUE, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency for millet initially increased before subsequently decreasing as the irrigation lower limit and nitrogen fertilizer application increased. Their maximum values were observed in the IF. However, the nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN) exhibited a gradual decline with increasing nitrogen application, reaching its peak at F. Additionally, PFPN displayed a pattern of initial increase followed by a decrease with rising irrigation lower limits. The accumulation of NO-N and NH-N in the 0~60 cm soil layer increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application in both years, while they tended to decrease as the irrigation lower limit increased. An optimal irrigation lower limit of 64% FC to 74% FC and nitrogen fertilizer application of 80 to 100 kg ha was recommended for millet based on the regression equation. The findings of this study offer a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for developing a drip irrigation and fertilizer application for millet cultivation in Northeast China.
在人口增长和资源稀缺的背景下，加强灌溉和氮肥施用已成为确保粮食安全的重要策略。2021年和2022年进行了一项为期两年的试验，以研究不同灌溉下限和氮肥施用量对谷子生长、产量、水分利用效率（WUE）、氮素利用以及土壤中无机氮积累的影响。试验设计了四个灌溉下限，分别对应田间持水量（FC）的50%、60%、70%和80%，记为I₁、I₂、I₃和I₄。还设置了四个氮肥施用量：0、50、100和150 kg·hm²（分别记为F₀、F₁、F₂和F₃），共产生16个处理。建立二元二次回归方程以优化灌溉和氮肥施用。结果表明，随着灌溉下限和氮肥施用量的增加，谷子的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、地上生物量、产量、穗直径、穗长、穗重、水分利用效率和氮农学效率最初增加，随后下降。在I₂F₂处理中观察到它们的最大值。然而，氮偏生产力（PFPN）随着施氮量的增加而逐渐下降，在F₁处理达到峰值。此外，PFPN随着灌溉下限的升高呈现先增加后减少的趋势。两年中，0~60 cm土层中NO₃-N和NH₄-N的积累量均随氮肥施用量的增加而增加，随灌溉下限的升高而减少。基于回归方程，建议谷子的最佳灌溉下限为田间持水量的64%至74%，氮肥施用量为80至100 kg·hm²。本研究结果为东北地区谷子滴灌施肥方案制定提供了理论依据和技术指导。
