Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2024;178:1-22. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.07.001. Epub 2024 Oct 18.
Alcohol, the most widely consumed substance globally, can lead to severe adverse effects for both users and those around them. Chronic ethanol consumption may lead to alcohol use disorder (AUD), a chronic relapsing condition characterized by compulsive drinking despite negative consequences. AUD is marked by a high relapse rate among individuals attempting abstinence. Currently, only a few medications, such as disulfiram, naltrexone, nalmefene, and acamprosate, are approved to treat AUD. Moreover, genetic factors and comorbid conditions can significantly influence both the development of AUD and the efficacy of its treatment. This chapter explores the genetic underpinnings of AUD and reviews the main pharmacological treatments available for managing this disorder.
酒精是全球范围内最广泛使用的物质，它会给使用者及其周围的人带来严重的不良影响。长期酗酒可能导致酒精使用障碍（AUD），这是一种慢性复发性疾病，其特征是尽管有负面影响，但仍强迫性饮酒。AUD 患者在试图戒酒时复饮率很高。目前，仅有少数几种药物，如双硫仑、纳曲酮、纳美芬和阿坎酸，被批准用于治疗 AUD。此外，遗传因素和合并症会显著影响 AUD 的发展和治疗效果。本章探讨了 AUD 的遗传基础，并回顾了用于治疗这种疾病的主要药理学治疗方法。
