College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Dec;371:123212. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123212. Epub 2024 Nov 12.
Soil contamination with heavy metals (HMs) poses a critical environmental challenge that demands immediate attention and resolution. Among the various remediation techniques, biochar emerges as an environmentally friendly option with obvious advantages. Biochar can be obtained by pyrolysis of various biomass and has significant effects in the remediation of heavy metal pollution contaminated soil. In this study, we examined 3489 articles on biochar-based remediation of soil heavy metal contamination published between May 2009 and October 2023, utilizing the Web of Science core collection database. Based on bibliometric methods and big data statistical analysis, CiteSpace visualization software is utilized to create a knowledge map of biochar research, allowing for an analysis of keyword clustering and a summary of the current research hotspots and development trends. Furthermore, this review emphasizes factors influencing the characteristics of biochar, including raw material types, pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis method. At the same time, the optimal conditions for producing biochar are also presented. Additionally, the mechanisms of biochar remediation for heavy metal contaminated soil are introduced in detail, including electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, physical adsorption, surface complexation and precipitation. Meanwhile, the modification and combined effects of biochar are also reviewed. Finally, the advantages and potential risks of using biochar are explored. It is aims to serve as a reference for subsequent research and promote the application of environmental remediation technologies in polluted soils.
土壤重金属污染是一个亟待解决的重大环境挑战。在各种修复技术中，生物炭作为一种环保型选择脱颖而出，具有明显的优势。生物炭可以通过各种生物质的热解获得，在修复重金属污染土壤方面具有显著的效果。本研究利用 Web of Science 核心合集数据库，对 2009 年 5 月至 2023 年 10 月期间发表的 3489 篇关于生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的文章进行了分析。基于文献计量学方法和大数据统计分析，利用 CiteSpace 可视化软件绘制了生物炭研究的知识图谱，分析了关键词聚类，并总结了当前的研究热点和发展趋势。此外，本文还强调了影响生物炭特性的因素，包括原料类型、热解温度和热解方法。同时，还提出了生物炭的最佳制备条件。详细介绍了生物炭修复重金属污染土壤的机理，包括静电吸引、离子交换、物理吸附、表面络合和沉淀。同时，还综述了生物炭的改性和联合作用。最后，探讨了使用生物炭的优点和潜在风险。旨在为后续研究提供参考，推动污染土壤环境修复技术的应用。
