Caride-Miana Elena, Orozco-Beltrán Domingo, Quesada-Rico Jose Antonio, Mira-Solves Jose Joaquin
Doctoral Candidate, University Miguel Hernández de Elche, N332 87, 0330 Sant Joan Alicante, Spain.
Clinical Medicine Department, University Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain.
Aten Primaria. 2025 May;57(5):103112. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103112. Epub 2024 Nov 11.
Our study aimed to assess the association between all-cause mortality and the most prevalent chronic diseases in Spain, including diabetes mellitus.
Population-based retrospective cohort study. SITE: Spanish population (Spanish National Health Survey).
A population numbering 14,584 respondents of both sexes aged 40 years or older was selected.
The outcome variable was all-cause mortality over 6-year follow-up, measured by probabilistic cross-matching with the national death registry. Socioeconomic variables, health indicators, service use, and behavioral factors were collected. The main data source was the National Statistics Institute.
Of the 14584 people included, 1346 (9.2%) died over 6-year follow-up. Regarding the most prevalent chronic diseases, those showing the strongest association with mortality were cancer (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.40-2.16); chronic lung diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, or emphysema; HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.19-1.70); acute myocardial infarction (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08-1.65); and diabetes (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.42). Less prevalent chronic diseases also increased mortality risk, including cirrhosis/liver disease (prevalence 1.5%; HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.22-2.29) and cerebrovascular diseases, including embolism and stroke (prevalence 2%; HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.07-1.81).
Chronic diseases affect over half the population aged 40 years and older in Spain. Some of the most prevalent conditions are closely associated with all-cause mortality. These include chronic lung diseases, acute myocardial infarction, and diabetes. Given their impact on mortality in the population, more efforts are needed in chronic disease prevention and management.
我们的研究旨在评估西班牙全因死亡率与最常见的慢性病（包括糖尿病）之间的关联。
基于人群的回顾性队列研究。地点：西班牙人群（西班牙国家健康调查）。
选取了14584名年龄在40岁及以上的男女受访者。
结局变量是6年随访期间的全因死亡率，通过与国家死亡登记处进行概率交叉匹配来测量。收集了社会经济变量、健康指标、服务使用情况和行为因素。主要数据来源是国家统计局。
在纳入的14584人中，1346人（9.2%）在6年随访期间死亡。关于最常见的慢性病，与死亡率关联最强的是癌症（风险比1.74，95%置信区间1.40 - 2.16）；慢性肺部疾病（慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管炎或肺气肿；风险比1.44，95%置信区间1.19 - 1.70）；急性心肌梗死（风险比1.33，95%置信区间1.08 - 1.65）；以及糖尿病（风险比1.23，95%置信区间1.06 - 1.42）。不太常见的慢性病也增加了死亡风险，包括肝硬化/肝病（患病率1.5%；风险比1.67，95%置信区间1.22 - 2.29）和脑血管疾病，包括栓塞和中风（患病率2%；风险比1.39，95%置信区间1.07 - 1.81）。
慢性病影响了西班牙40岁及以上人群的一半以上。一些最常见的疾病与全因死亡率密切相关。这些疾病包括慢性肺部疾病、急性心肌梗死和糖尿病。鉴于它们对人群死亡率的影响，需要在慢性病预防和管理方面做出更多努力。
