Petersen Melissa E, Flores-Aguilar Lisi, Head Elizabeth, Montoliu-Gaya Laia, Strydom Andre, Pape Sarah E, Fortea Juan, Ashton Nicholas J, Udeh-Momoh Chinedu, O'Bryant Sid E, German Dwight, Despa Florin, Mapstone Mark, Zetterberg Henrik
Department of Family Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Jan;21(1):e14364. doi: 10.1002/alz.14364. Epub 2024 Nov 13.
Blood-based biomarkers continue to be explored for disease detection, monitoring of progression, and therapeutic outcomes as the diagnostic determination of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome (DS-AD) remains challenging in clinical settings. This perspective highlights the current status of this effort. Overall, amyloid (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (AT[N]) blood-based biomarkers have been shown to increase with disease pathology for individuals with DS. Phosphorylated tau biomarkers (p-tau217, p-tau181) have been consistently shown to track disease progression for DS-AD and are likely good candidates for use in clinical settings. Biomarkers of inflammation (glial fibrillary acidic protein) also show promise; however, additional work is needed. Findings from stability work of blood-based biomarkers conducted among non-DS also support the potential longitudinal utility of biomarkers such as neurofilament light chain and p-tau181 in DS. Gaps in our knowledge are highlighted, and a potential role for sex differences in biomarker outcomes is noted, along with recommendations for determining the appropriate context of use when translating biomarkers into clinical applications. HIGHLIGHTS: An overview of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) was provided for consideration of their utility among individuals with Down syndrome when looking toward potential clinical applications. Longitudinal stability of many blood biomarkers and improvement in detection sensitivity make blood such as plasma a viable source for exploring AD pathology. Variability in reviewed findings regarding the application of blood biomarkers highlights the importance of understanding and defining the appropriate context of use, particularly when translating them into clinical practice.
由于唐氏综合征(DS-AD)患者的阿尔茨海默病在临床诊断中仍然具有挑战性,基于血液的生物标志物仍在被探索用于疾病检测、病情进展监测和治疗效果评估。本文阐述了这一研究工作的现状。总体而言,对于唐氏综合征患者,基于血液的淀粉样蛋白(A)、tau蛋白(T)和神经退行性变(AT[N])生物标志物已被证明会随着疾病病理变化而升高。磷酸化tau生物标志物(p-tau217、p-tau181)已被一致证明可追踪DS-AD的疾病进展,很可能是临床应用的良好候选指标。炎症生物标志物(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)也显示出前景;然而,还需要更多研究。在非唐氏综合征患者中进行的基于血液的生物标志物稳定性研究结果也支持神经丝轻链和p-tau181等生物标志物在唐氏综合征中的潜在纵向应用价值。文中强调了我们在知识方面的差距,指出了生物标志物结果中性别差异的潜在作用,以及在将生物标志物转化为临床应用时确定适当应用背景的建议。要点:概述了用于阿尔茨海默病(AD)的基于血液的生物标志物,以便在考虑其在唐氏综合征患者中的潜在临床应用时评估其效用。许多血液生物标志物的纵向稳定性以及检测灵敏度的提高使血浆等血液成为探索AD病理的可行来源。关于血液生物标志物应用的综述结果存在差异,这凸显了理解和定义适当应用背景的重要性,尤其是在将它们转化为临床实践时。