Emerging roles of long non-coding RNA FOXP4-AS1 in human cancers: From molecular biology to clinical application.

Forkhead box P4 antisense RNA 1 (FOXP4-AS1) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) situated on the human chromosome 6p21.1 locus. Previous research has demonstrated that FOXP4-AS1 is dysregulated in various cancers and exhibits a dual purpose as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in specific types of cancer. The levels of FOXP4-AS1 are significantly correlated with clinical features of cancer as well as prognosis. Additionally, FOXP4-AS1 is stimulated by transcription factors ATF3, YY1, PAX5, and SP4. The molecular mechanisms of FOXP4-AS1 in cancer are quite complex. It competitively sponges multiple miRNAs, bidirectionally regulates the levels of host gene FOXP4, activates the PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways, and recruits chromatin-modifying enzymes or interacts with other proteins to regulate malignant phenotypes of tumors, including proliferation, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest developments in FOXP4-AS1 oncology research, outlines its molecular regulatory networks in cancer, and discusses its prospective relevance as a cancer therapeutic target as well as a biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis.