Liu Wanying, Zhang Qi, Guo Shiyun, Wang Honggang
Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Dec;283(Pt 1):137566. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137566. Epub 2024 Nov 13.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle in eukaryotic cells, responsible for a range of biological functions such as the secretion, modification and folding of proteins, maintaining Ca homeostasis and the synthesis of steroids/lipids, secreted proteins and membrane proteins. When cells are affected by internal or external factors, including abnormal energy metabolism, disrupted Ca balance, altered glycosylation, drug toxicity, and so on, the unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress. The abnormal ER stress has been reported to be involved in various pathological processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with the length of approximately 19-25 nucleotides. They control the expression of multiple genes through posttranscriptional gene silencing in eukaryotes or some viruses. Increasing evidence indicates that miRNAs are involved in various cellular functions and biological processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, growth and development, and metabolic homeostasis. Hence, miRNAs participate in multiple pathological processes. Recently, many studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role by regulating ER stress in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the relevant mechanisms are not fully understood. In this review, we reviewed the current understanding of ER stress, as well as the biogenesis and function of miRNAs, and focused on the role of miRNAs regulation of ER stress in I/R injury, with the aim of providing new targets for the treatment of I/R injury.
内质网（ER）是真核细胞中的一种重要细胞器，负责一系列生物学功能，如蛋白质的分泌、修饰和折叠，维持钙稳态以及类固醇/脂质、分泌蛋白和膜蛋白的合成。当细胞受到内部或外部因素影响时，包括异常能量代谢、钙平衡紊乱、糖基化改变、药物毒性等，未折叠或错误折叠的蛋白质会在内质网中积累，导致未折叠蛋白反应（UPR）和内质网应激。据报道，异常的内质网应激参与了各种病理过程。微小RNA（miRNA）是长度约为19 - 25个核苷酸的非编码RNA。它们通过真核生物或某些病毒中的转录后基因沉默来控制多个基因的表达。越来越多的证据表明，miRNA参与了各种细胞功能和生物学过程，如细胞增殖和分化、生长和发育以及代谢稳态。因此，miRNA参与了多种病理过程。最近许多研究表明，miRNA在缺血再灌注（I/R）损伤中通过调节内质网应激发挥重要作用，但相关机制尚未完全阐明。在本综述中，我们回顾了目前对内质网应激以及miRNA的生物发生和功能的认识，并重点关注miRNA调节内质网应激在I/R损伤中的作用，旨在为I/R损伤的治疗提供新的靶点。
