MohammadKhawajah Izat, Shamshiri Khamene Sima, Mahboobipour Amir Ali, Radmehr Elahe, Moghtaderi Mastaneh
Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran.
Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Clin Case Rep. 2024 Nov 13;12(11):e9575. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.9575. eCollection 2024 Nov.
The prevalence of hypercalciuria in children is 3%-10% globally and up to 35% in the United States. Hypercalciuria in children has many presentations; it causes different metabolic disorders and can negatively affect a child's growth. It also increases the risk of low bone mineral density and urinary tract infections. In addition, it is the most widespread cause of persistent microscopic hematuria. Changes in the diet and medications in cases of advanced stage can be useful to prevent further complications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypercalciuria and to investigate its relationship with different factors in children aged 2-16 years with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in 2020 in the Children's Medical Center hospital. This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in a population of children aged 2-16 years old with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria who were referred to the Children's Medical Center clinic in 2020. Data such as age, sex, serum creatinine level, and proteinuria were extracted from the patient's medical records, and their relationship with hypercalciuria was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. According to the inclusion criteria, 166 children with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (72 boys and 94 girls) were included in this study. The prevalence of hypercalciuria (ratio of random urine calcium to creatinine more than 0.2) in these patients was estimated at 25% with a confidence interval of 18%-32%. In order of prevalence, the most common conditions accompanying microscopic hematuria were kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and proteinuria. The age of patients with hypercalciuria was 2 years younger on average. Each year of age increase and every 5 years of age increase between the ages of 2 and 16 years reduced the chance of hypercalciuria in this category of patients by 12% and 45%, respectively. Our findings also showed that children with a positive history of kidney stones were about 2.2 times more likely to have hypercalciuria than their counterparts, which is considered a medium effect size. Our results showed that hypercalciuria in children with hematuria is significantly related to younger age and a positive history of kidney stones.
全球儿童高钙尿症的患病率为3% - 10%，在美国高达35%。儿童高钙尿症有多种表现形式；它会引发不同的代谢紊乱，对儿童生长产生负面影响。它还会增加低骨矿物质密度和尿路感染的风险。此外，它是持续性镜下血尿最常见的原因。晚期病例通过饮食和药物调整有助于预防进一步的并发症。本研究旨在确定2020年儿童医学中心医院2至16岁无症状镜下血尿患儿中高钙尿症的患病率，并调查其与不同因素的关系。这项回顾性横断面研究针对的是2020年转诊至儿童医学中心诊所的2至16岁无症状镜下血尿患儿群体。从患者病历中提取年龄、性别、血清肌酐水平和蛋白尿等数据，并使用逻辑回归分析其与高钙尿症的关系。根据纳入标准，本研究纳入了166例无症状镜下血尿患儿（72例男孩和94例女孩）。这些患者中高钙尿症（随机尿钙与肌酐比值大于0.2）的患病率估计为25%，置信区间为18% - 32%。按患病率排序，镜下血尿最常见的伴随病症是肾结石、尿路感染和蛋白尿。高钙尿症患儿的平均年龄小2岁。在2至16岁之间，年龄每增加1岁和每增加5岁，该类患者患高钙尿症的几率分别降低12%和45%。我们的研究结果还表明，有肾结石阳性病史的儿童患高钙尿症的可能性是其同龄人约2.2倍，这被认为是中等效应量。我们的结果表明，血尿患儿的高钙尿症与年龄较小和肾结石阳性病史显著相关。
