Cai Yue, Chen Zichun, Liu Jianju, Yu Ling, Wang Zhiping, Zhu Shuhao, Shi Wei, Pan Cunhong, Wu Yunyu, Li Yuhong, Ji Hongjuan, Huang Niansheng, Zhang Xiaoxiang, Gao Peng, Xiao Ning, Zuo Shimin, Li Aihong
Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China.
Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2025 Feb;23(2):518-531. doi: 10.1111/pbi.14517. Epub 2024 Nov 15.
The genetic improvement of rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ) is an important goal in rice breeding. It is important to understand the genetic regulation of ECQ at the genomic level for effective breeding to improve ECQ. However, the mechanisms underlying the improvement of ECQ of indica and japonica cultivars in southern China remain unclear. In this study, 290 rice cultivars (155 indica and 135 japonica cultivars) bred in southern China in the past 30 years were collected. Physicochemical indicators, namely, apparent amylose content (AAC), protein content (PC), lipid content and taste value, were measured and correlation analysis was performed. A decrease in AAC and PC was a crucial factor for the ECQ improvement of the rice cultivars in southern China. Genome-wide association analysis and selective domestication analysis preliminarily clarified that the comprehensive utilization of major and minor genes was an important genetic basis for improvement of ECQ. An elite allele, RAmy1A, with potential application in breeding to improve starch viscosity characteristics and ECQ, was mined. The Wx/OsmtSSB1L/OsDML4/RPBF/Du3 and Wx/OsEro1/Glup3/OsNAC25/OsBEIIb/RAmy1A/FLO12 gene modules, neither of which have been widely used, are proposed as the optimal allele combinations for ECQ improvement of indica and japonica cultivars in southern China. The results clarify the genetic regulation of rice ECQ improvement in southern China and provide novel genetic resources and breeding strategies for ECQ improvement in rice.
水稻食味品质的遗传改良是水稻育种的重要目标。在基因组水平上了解食味品质的遗传调控对于有效改良食味品质的育种至关重要。然而，中国南方籼稻和粳稻品种食味品质改良的潜在机制仍不清楚。本研究收集了过去30年在中国南方培育的290个水稻品种（155个籼稻品种和135个粳稻品种）。测定了理化指标，即表观直链淀粉含量（AAC）、蛋白质含量（PC）、脂质含量和食味值，并进行了相关性分析。AAC和PC的降低是中国南方水稻品种食味品质改良的关键因素。全基因组关联分析和选择驯化分析初步明确，主效基因和微效基因的综合利用是食味品质改良的重要遗传基础。挖掘出一个在育种中具有潜在应用价值的优良等位基因RAmy1A，可用于改良淀粉粘度特性和食味品质。提出了Wx/OsmtSSB1L/OsDML4/RPBF/Du3和Wx/OsEro1/Glup3/OsNAC25/OsBEIIb/RAmy1A/FLO12基因模块，这两个基因模块均未被广泛应用，被认为是中国南方籼稻和粳稻品种食味品质改良的最佳等位基因组合。这些结果阐明了中国南方水稻食味品质改良的遗传调控机制，为水稻食味品质改良提供了新的遗传资源和育种策略。
