Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2024 Nov;56:101132. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101132. Epub 2024 Oct 2.
Vector-borne diseases represent a major health challenge, both because of the complexity of their control, their common zoonotic nature, or the pathology they can cause in the individual. In tropical areas, surveillance of these diseases is even more important, since the activity of vectors is usually continuous throughout the year. To develop effective prophylaxis and surveillance programs, it is important to know the identity and prevalence of these pathogens as well as their distribution in a given territory. In Guadeloupe, a French archipelago located in the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean, no information exists about vector-borne diseases in companion animals. With this aim, blood samples were obtained from 46 owned dogs with outdoor access from five different veterinary clinics located in the two mainland islands, and the presence of DNA of the main canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) was investigated through diverse PCR protocols. At least one pathogen was detected in 30.4 % of the dogs. The most frequently detected CVBP was Coxiella burnetii (17.4 %), followed by Dirofilaria immitis (8.7 %), and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia spp. (2.2 % in all cases). One dog was coinfected with Candidatus M. haematoparvum and D. immitis. All samples were negative for Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, piroplasmids, and Leishmania spp. No significant differences in pathogen occurrence were observed between the two main islands or according to the dog's sex and age groups. This study contributes to filling a relevant gap in the knowledge of vector-borne diseases in the Caribbean.
虫媒传染病是一个主要的健康挑战，这是由于其控制的复杂性、常见的人畜共患病性质，或它们在个体中可能引起的病理学。在热带地区，这些疾病的监测更为重要，因为媒介的活动通常全年都在持续。为了制定有效的预防和监测计划，了解这些病原体的身份和流行程度以及它们在特定领土上的分布情况非常重要。在瓜德罗普岛，这是一个位于加勒比海小安的列斯群岛的法国海外省，关于伴侣动物的虫媒传染病的信息尚不存在。为此，从五个不同的兽医诊所获得了 46 只具有户外活动的犬的血液样本，并通过多种 PCR 方案研究了主要犬类虫媒传染病病原体（CVBP）的 DNA 存在情况。在 30.4%的犬中至少检测到一种病原体。最常检测到的 CVBP 是柯克斯体（17.4%），其次是犬心丝虫（8.7%），以及犬血红支原体、犬巴贝斯虫和立克次体属（在所有情况下均为 2.2%）。一只狗同时感染了犬血红支原体和犬心丝虫。所有样本均为阴性，未检测到无形体属、埃立克体属、巴尔通体属、伯氏疏螺旋体、梨形虫属和利什曼原虫属。在两个主要岛屿之间，或根据狗的性别和年龄组，未观察到病原体发生的显著差异。这项研究有助于填补加勒比地区虫媒传染病知识的一个相关空白。
