Wu Jianxing, Jiao Jiankang, Zhou Shishi
School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing, 100013, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 16;14(1):28339. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80114-w.
Effective and safe support in soft rock roadways remains a critical challenge in underground coal mining due to the extreme weakness of the rocks and their susceptibility to weathering and water invasion. This paper examines the tailgate of longwall panel 2606, a typical soft rock roadway excavated along the edges of mined-out areas with thin pillars at the Lvtang Coal Mine in Guizhou, China. Despite employing a combination of rock bolts, cable bolts, and surface support systems, significant roadway deformation was observed. The mechanisms behind this deformation were analyzed through in-situ tests and clay mineral composition analysis. These analyses revealed that the primary causes of the roadway's substantial deformation were the low strength and weathering susceptibility of the coal and surrounding rock. A novel synergistic control strategy combining anchoring, shotcreting, and grouting was proposed for supporting soft rock roadways. Detailed numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the deformation and stability of the tailgate under various support scenarios, validating the effectiveness of the proposed support scheme. The synergistic support strategy was implemented to reinforce the 2606 tailgate, and field monitoring was conducted to assess its effectiveness. Monitoring data indicated that rib deformation with the new support design was reduced by 66% compared to the original design. The results demonstrate that the improved synergistic support system effectively mitigated large deformations and maintained the stability of the tailgate. These findings provide a valuable engineering reference for supporting and reinforcing soft rock roadways under similar geological conditions.
由于软岩的极度软弱以及其易风化和受水侵入的特性，在地下煤矿的软岩巷道中提供有效且安全的支护仍然是一项严峻的挑战。本文研究了中国贵州绿塘煤矿2606长壁采面的回风巷，这是一条典型的软岩巷道，沿采空区边缘开挖，中间有薄煤柱。尽管采用了锚杆、锚索和表面支护系统相结合的方式，但仍观察到巷道发生了显著变形。通过现场测试和黏土矿物成分分析对这种变形的机制进行了分析。这些分析表明，巷道大幅变形的主要原因是煤和围岩的强度低以及易风化。针对软岩巷道支护提出了一种将锚固、喷射混凝土和注浆相结合的新型协同控制策略。进行了详细的数值模拟，以评估在各种支护方案下回风巷的变形和稳定性，验证了所提出支护方案的有效性。实施了协同支护策略对2606回风巷进行加固，并进行了现场监测以评估其有效性。监测数据表明，与原设计相比，采用新支护设计时巷帮变形减少了66%。结果表明，改进后的协同支护系统有效地减轻了大变形，保持了回风巷的稳定性。这些研究结果为在类似地质条件下支护和加固软岩巷道提供了有价值的工程参考。
