Onaji Maria Onma, Abolude David S, Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai, Faria Lucas Del Bianco, Chia Mathias Ahii
Department of Biology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Brazil; Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, MG, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Jan 1;364(Pt 1):125328. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125328. Epub 2024 Nov 16.
Environmental safety has become a major concern in recent years due to the global increase in microplastic pollution. These ubiquitous, tiny, and potentially toxic plastic particles enter aquatic environments through weathering of larger plastics and the release of microbeads. Although numerous studies have focused on microplastic pollution in developed regions, information from developing countries remains limited. This study assessed the presence of MPs and associated oxidative stress responses in two commercial fish species, Clarias gariepinus (Catfish) and Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia), from Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria, over six months spanning both the dry and rainy seasons. Fibers were identified as the most abundant MP particles, followed by fragments, films, and beads, in the order of fibers > fragments > films > beads. The highest fiber concentrations were recorded in the gills, with Clarias garipinus showing 11.5 MP items/individual and Oreochromis niloticus showing 22.5 MP items/individual. Black microplastics were predominant, and the most common ingested MP ranged from 1.0 to 2.0 mm. The primary polymers identified were polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate. Evidence of oxidative stress and cellular damage was observed in the gills, liver, and dorsal muscles of both fish species, which correlated with MPs ingestion. According to recommendations from the European Food Safety Authority regarding fish consumption by children and adults, individuals consuming Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus from the Kubanni reservoir may be exposed to between 70 and 700 MP items/organ. The risk associated with consuming MPs found in fish gills and guts was notably higher, posing significant concerns for human health. This study provides insights into microplastic contamination in commercially important fish from the Kubanni Reservoir and highlights the environmental and public health risks associated with consuming contaminated fish from this ecosystem.
近年来，由于全球微塑料污染的增加，环境安全已成为一个主要问题。这些无处不在、微小且可能有毒的塑料颗粒通过较大塑料的风化和微珠的释放进入水生环境。尽管众多研究聚焦于发达地区的微塑料污染，但来自发展中国家的信息仍然有限。本研究评估了尼日利亚扎里亚库班尼水库中两种商业鱼类——胡子鲶（鲶鱼）和尼罗罗非鱼在跨越旱季和雨季的六个月期间微塑料的存在情况以及相关的氧化应激反应。纤维被确定为最丰富的微塑料颗粒，其次是碎片、薄膜和珠子，顺序为纤维>碎片>薄膜>珠子。在鳃中记录到最高的纤维浓度，胡子鲶为每个体11.5个微塑料颗粒，尼罗罗非鱼为每个体22.5个微塑料颗粒。黑色微塑料占主导，摄入的最常见微塑料粒径范围为1.0至2.0毫米。鉴定出的主要聚合物是聚丙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯。在两种鱼类的鳃、肝脏和背肌中均观察到氧化应激和细胞损伤的证据，这与微塑料的摄入相关。根据欧洲食品安全局关于儿童和成人鱼类消费的建议，食用库班尼水库的胡子鲶和尼罗罗非鱼的个体可能每器官接触70至700个微塑料颗粒。在鱼鳃和鱼肠中发现的食用微塑料相关风险明显更高，对人类健康构成重大担忧。本研究深入了解了库班尼水库具有商业重要性的鱼类中的微塑料污染情况，并突出了食用该生态系统中受污染鱼类所带来的环境和公共健康风险。
