Zhang Tianxin, Jia Ting, Zhu Wanlong, Fan Lixian
Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.
School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Nov 1;15:1499028. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1499028. eCollection 2024.
Animals' digestion, energy metabolism, and immunity are significantly influenced by interactions between the gut microbiota and the intestinal environment of the host. Previous studies have shown that gut microbiota of can respond to environmental changes, high fiber or fat foods. But how in high-altitude adapt to their environment through gut microbiota and physiological changes during winter food shortages period was unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the altitude differences in gut microbiota and their interactions with physiology in terms of body mass regulation in order to study the adaptation of the gut microbiota and physiological indicators of the under food restriction settings. were collected for this study from Jingdong County (JD, low-altitude) and Xianggelila County (XGLL, high-altitude) in Yunnan Province, China, and split into three groups: control group, food-restricted feeding group for 7 days, and re-feeding group was offered a standard diet for 14 days. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and physiological methods were used to analyze the abundance and community structure of gut microbiota, as well as physiological indicators of each group in . The results showed that while the RMR changed more during the period of food restriction, the body mass and major organ masses of from high-altitude changed less. After food restriction, RMR in XGLL decreased by 25.25%, while that of in JD decreased by 16.54%. from the XGLL had gut bacteria that were more abundant in Firmicutes and had fewer OTUs, and the microbiota had a closer interaction with physiological indicators. Moreover, the gut microbiota adapted to the food shortage environment by enhancing the genera of , , , and to improve the utilization of nutrient resources. The interactions between microbial species and the equilibrium of energy homeostasis were further impacted by alterations in physiological indicators and microbial community structure. These variations were important for to adapt to the fluctuations and changes of food resources in high-altitude region, which also expand our knowledge of organismal adaptations and the mechanisms behind the interactions between gut bacteria and host physiology.
肠道微生物群与宿主肠道环境之间的相互作用对动物的消化、能量代谢和免疫有显著影响。先前的研究表明，肠道微生物群能够对环境变化、高纤维或高脂肪食物做出反应。但目前尚不清楚高海拔地区的动物在冬季食物短缺期间如何通过肠道微生物群和生理变化来适应环境。在本研究中，我们从体重调节方面评估了肠道微生物群的海拔差异及其与生理的相互作用，以研究食物限制条件下动物肠道微生物群和生理指标的适应性。本研究的动物样本采自中国云南省景东县（JD，低海拔）和香格里拉县（XGLL，高海拔），并分为三组：对照组、7天食物限制喂养组，以及14天重新喂食标准饮食的再喂养组。采用16S rRNA基因测序和生理学方法分析肠道微生物群的丰度和群落结构，以及各组动物的生理指标。结果表明，在食物限制期间，静息代谢率（RMR）变化更大，而高海拔地区动物的体重和主要器官质量变化较小。食物限制后，XGLL组的RMR下降了25.25%，而JD组下降了16.54%。XGLL组的动物肠道细菌中厚壁菌门更为丰富，操作分类单元较少，且微生物群与生理指标的相互作用更为密切。此外，肠道微生物群通过增强某些菌属以改善营养资源的利用，从而适应食物短缺环境。生理指标和微生物群落结构的改变进一步影响了微生物物种之间的相互作用以及能量稳态的平衡。这些变化对于动物适应高海拔地区食物资源的波动和变化很重要，这也扩展了我们对生物适应性以及肠道细菌与宿主生理相互作用背后机制的认识。
