Tapp A J, Cardozo L
Br J Hosp Med. 1986 Jan;35(1):20-3.
Following the last menstrual period, a woman's "genital organs are sealed with the signet of sterility" (De L'Isère, 1850) and the ensuing hypo-oestrogenism, a consequence of ovarian failure, results in major metabolic disturbances. These include osteoporosis, thin skin, and an increased propensity for myocardial ischaemia. In association with these changes, lower urinary tract dysfunction occurs, also related to lower levels of circulating oestrogen.
末次月经之后，女性的“生殖器官被不育的印记所封印”（德利塞尔，1850年），随之而来的卵巢功能衰竭导致的低雌激素血症会引发严重的代谢紊乱。这些紊乱包括骨质疏松、皮肤变薄以及心肌缺血倾向增加。与这些变化相关的是，下尿路功能障碍也会出现，这同样与循环雌激素水平降低有关。
