Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Nov 1;15:1456211. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1456211. eCollection 2024.
Mineralocorticoid receptors are expressed in several structures of the central nervous system, and aldosterone levels can be measured in the brain, although in smaller amounts than in plasma. Nevertheless, these amounts appear to be sufficient to elicit substantial clinical effects. Primary aldosteronism, characterized by high levels of plasma aldosterone, is one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension. In this context, high aldosterone levels may have both indirect and direct effects on the brain with a negative impact on several cerebral functions. Thus, chronic aldosterone excess has been associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression - two clinical entities themselves associated with cognitive deficits. Today, there is an increasing number of reports on the influence of aldosterone on the brain, but there is also a significant amount of uncertainty, such as the role of high aldosterone levels on cognitive functions and decline independently of blood pressure. In this mini review, we discuss the known and unknowns of the impact of aldosterone on the brain putting emphasis on cognitive functions.
醛固酮受体存在于中枢神经系统的多个结构中，尽管脑内醛固酮的含量低于血浆，但可以测量。然而，这些量似乎足以引起显著的临床效果。以血浆醛固酮水平升高为特征的原发性醛固酮增多症是继发性高血压的最常见原因之一。在这种情况下，高醛固酮水平可能对大脑具有间接和直接的影响，对多种大脑功能产生负面影响。因此，慢性醛固酮过多与焦虑和抑郁的症状有关——这两种临床实体本身与认知缺陷有关。如今，关于醛固酮对大脑的影响的报告越来越多，但也存在大量的不确定性，例如高醛固酮水平对认知功能的影响以及独立于血压的下降。在这篇迷你综述中，我们讨论了醛固酮对大脑的已知和未知影响，重点是认知功能。
