追溯巴尔干半岛铸币（公元前5世纪至1世纪）中的冶金联系和白银来源。

Tracing metallurgical links and silver provenance in Balkan coinage (5th -1st centuries BCE).

作者信息

Westner Katrin Julia, Blichert-Toft Janne, Gentelli Liesel, Pavlovska Eftimija, de Callataÿ François, Albarède Francis

机构信息

Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon and CNRS, Lyon, France.

National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, North Macedonia.

出版信息

Archaeol Anthropol Sci. 2024;16(12):198. doi: 10.1007/s12520-024-02106-1. Epub 2024 Nov 13.

DOI:10.1007/s12520-024-02106-1

PMID:39555382

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11561118/

Abstract

UNLABELLED

Local types of coinage testify to the emerging use of silver in the Balkan interior, possibly related to abundant ore deposits in the region. Here, we present Pb isotope data for silver coins minted by local tribes and settlements (anepigraphic coins attributed to the Derrones/Laeaei, Damastion, Pelagia, Kings of Paeonia) between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. For comparison, we analysed coinage of the potential Greek Dyrrhachium and Apollonia for their main element and Pb-Ag isotope compositions. Statistical data evaluation demonstrates close material connections between coins from the Balkan interior and identify a predominantly local raw material provenance. The majority of Damastion's issues defines a tight cluster fitting Strabo's (VII.7.8) account that the settlement possessed nearby silver mines in the Balkan interior. Novobërdë/Novo Brdo (Kosovo) can be plausibly hypothesised among the available reference data to have been one of the main ore districts supplying the mint. Mixing is evident for coins from the Kings of Paeonia and coinage attributed to the Derrones/Laeaei. Virtually identical end-members suggest that Paeonian regal coinage recycled tribal issues with contribution of metal obtained from Damastion's hypothesised mines. Contemporaneous coinage struck by Dyrrhachium as well as end-members calculated for Thasos and the Macedon kingdom (Albarede et al. in Bullion mixtures in silver coinage from ancient Greece and Egypt, J Archaeol Sci 162:105918, 2024a) signal metal sourced from the Balkans, presumably the Macedonian/Paeonian border area. Comparison of data from Greek city-states and coinage issued by Apollonia and Dyrrhachium for the Romans demonstrates a change in the type and origin of raw materials and bullion composition, indicating a shift in monetary customs and possibly metal production technology.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12520-024-02106-1.

摘要

未标注

当地铸造的硬币证明了巴尔干半岛内陆地区开始使用白银，这可能与该地区丰富的银矿储量有关。在此，我们展示了公元前5世纪至3世纪当地部落和定居点（归于德鲁内斯/莱埃伊、达马斯蒂翁、佩拉吉亚、派奥尼亚国王的无铭文硬币）铸造的银币的铅同位素数据。为作比较，我们分析了潜在的希腊城市迪拉基乌姆和阿波罗尼亚硬币的主要元素及铅 - 银同位素组成。统计数据评估表明巴尔干半岛内陆地区的硬币之间存在紧密的物质联系，并确定其主要原材料来源地为当地。达马斯蒂翁发行的大多数硬币形成了一个紧密的集群，这与斯特拉波（《地理志》VII.7.8）所述该定居点在巴尔干半岛内陆附近拥有银矿的记载相符。在现有参考数据中，可以合理推测诺沃贝尔德/新布尔多（科索沃）是供应铸币厂的主要矿区之一。派奥尼亚国王的硬币和归于德鲁内斯/莱埃伊的硬币存在明显的混合现象。几乎相同的端元表明，派奥尼亚王室硬币回收了部落发行的硬币，并混入了从达马斯蒂翁假设的矿中获取的金属。迪拉基乌姆同时期铸造的硬币以及为萨索斯岛和马其顿王国计算的端元（阿尔巴雷德等人，《古希腊和埃及银币中的金银混合物》，《考古科学杂志》162:105918，2024a）表明金属来源自巴尔干半岛，大概是马其顿/派奥尼亚边境地区。希腊城邦的数据与阿波罗尼亚和迪拉基乌姆为罗马人发行的硬币的比较表明，原材料类型和来源以及金银组成发生了变化，这表明货币习俗以及可能的金属生产技术发生了转变。