Department of Indigenous Studies, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Nov 26;121(48):e2402304121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2402304121. Epub 2024 Nov 18.
Cultivation studies evaluating land-use histories and coevolutionary dynamics between humans and plants focus predominantly on domesticated species. Traditional anthropological divisions of "foragers" and "farmers" have shaped our understanding of ancient cultivation practices but have several limitations, including how people stewarded and managed nondomesticated species. To investigate the long-term effects of plant management in the Pacific Northwest, this study focuses on beaked hazelnut () which has a long, precolonial history of management, transportation, and cultivation in British Columbia (BC, Canada). In particular, isolated hazelnut populations in northwestern BC are thought to be the result of historical transplanting and management. We sampled individual hazelnuts (n = 219) representing three distinct regions in and assessed 9,650 genome-wide SNPs identified with nextRAD genotyping-by-sequencing libraries to test for population genetic structure. We used linear measurements of individuals to assess morphological phenotypes and to identify variation between individuals and lineages. These data reveal shared genetic clusters in distant and disjunct northwestern and interior regions consistent with the movement of humans across the landscape. We also find several small genetically distinct populations in the northwestern region. The Genetic structure of hazelnut in the previously labeled "disjunct" region in Gitxsan, Ts'msyen, and Nisa'a homelands is consistent with the enduring influence of people on the distribution of purportedly "wild" plant species. Our results support the hypothesis that hazelnut was likely transplanted long distances and also managed in situ. This study highlights the often-overlooked agency of Indigenous Peoples in shaping species range distributions in North America.
栽培研究评估人类与植物之间的土地利用历史和共同进化动态，主要集中在驯化物种上。传统的人类学“采集者”和“农民”的划分塑造了我们对古代栽培实践的理解，但存在几个局限性，包括人们如何管理和管理非驯化物种。为了研究植物管理对太平洋西北地区的长期影响，本研究以榛果（）为重点，它在不列颠哥伦比亚省（加拿大）有着悠久的、殖民前的管理、运输和栽培历史。特别是，不列颠哥伦比亚省西北部孤立的榛果种群被认为是历史上移植和管理的结果。我们对来自不列颠哥伦比亚省三个不同地区的 219 个榛果个体进行了采样，并评估了 9650 个全基因组 SNPs，这些 SNPs 是通过 nextRAD 测序文库进行基因组测序鉴定的，以检验种群遗传结构。我们使用个体的线性测量值来评估形态表型，并识别个体和谱系之间的变异。这些数据揭示了在遥远和分散的西北和内陆地区存在共享的遗传聚类，这与人类在景观中的迁移一致。我们还在西北区域发现了几个遗传上明显不同的小种群。在 Gitxsan、Ts'msyen 和 Nisa'a 的家园中，以前标记为“分散”的区域中榛果的遗传结构与人类对所谓“野生”植物物种分布的持久影响一致。我们的研究结果支持以下假设：榛果可能被长距离移植，并在原地进行管理。本研究强调了美洲原住民在塑造北美物种分布方面的经常被忽视的作用。
