Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China.
Application Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China.
Am J Chin Med. 2024;52(6):1863-1885. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X24500733. Epub 2024 Nov 19.
Hyperuricemia is a crucial feature of metabolic syndrome, characterized by elevated uric acid that causes urate crystal deposits in joints, kidneys, and subcutaneous tissues, resulting in gout and hyperuricemic nephropathy. The primary causes of uric acid metabolism disorder include overproduction and reduced excretion. The majority of uric acid in human body is derived from the breakdown of purine nucleotides. Overproduction of uric acid can result from increased concentration or activity of xanthine oxidase, the key enzyme responsible for uric acid synthesis. Alterations in the activity of proteins responsible for uric acid reabsorption and excretion can also affect serum uric acid. Many bioactive compounds derived from natural plants have been shown to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity to reduce uric acid production, modulate the activity of transport proteins to promote uric acid excretion, or alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation through various signaling pathways. These properties have garnered significant attention from researchers. In this paper, we first introduce the pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperuricemia, then summarize bioactive compounds with urate-lowering effects, and discuss their potential applications in treating hyperuricemia and its complications.
高尿酸血症是代谢综合征的一个重要特征，其特征为尿酸升高，导致尿酸盐晶体在关节、肾脏和皮下组织沉积，从而引发痛风和高尿酸血症肾病。尿酸代谢紊乱的主要原因包括产生过多和排泄减少。人体内的尿酸主要来源于嘌呤核苷酸的分解。尿酸产生过多可能是由于黄嘌呤氧化酶浓度或活性增加，而黄嘌呤氧化酶是尿酸合成的关键酶。尿酸重吸收和排泄相关蛋白的活性改变也会影响血清尿酸。许多来源于天然植物的生物活性化合物已被证明可抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性，从而减少尿酸的产生，调节转运蛋白的活性以促进尿酸的排泄，或通过各种信号通路缓解氧化应激和炎症。这些特性引起了研究人员的极大关注。本文首先介绍高尿酸血症的病理生理机制，然后总结具有降尿酸作用的生物活性化合物，并讨论它们在治疗高尿酸血症及其并发症方面的潜在应用。
