Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
JDR Clin Trans Res. 2024 Oct;9(1_suppl):6S-12S. doi: 10.1177/23800844241273858.
Periodontitis has been reported with increased incidence and prevalence in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Noncommunicable diseases burden the South African public health system, and there are no data reporting on this relationship in this population. This is required to inform management protocols in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which currently exclude the importance of periodontal treatment.
The aim of this study was to determine whether there was an association between periodontitis and the glycemic control of adult patients with T1DM at a tertiary institution in South Africa.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on adults diagnosed with T1DM. Bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and radiographical bone loss were assessed and the periodontal status of the patient was compared to their glycemic control, measured by HbA1c. An HbA1c level of ≤7% was considered to indicate adequate glycemic control.
There were 120 adult participants, of whom 61.7% (74) were female and 38.3% (46) were male. The majority were nonsmokers and younger than 44 y. There were 78 (65%) participants with uncontrolled blood glucose and 42 (35%) with good control (HbA1c ≤ 7%). The median HbA1c level was 8.75 (range, 6.1 to 12.2). Most participants (94%) had periodontitis, and 97% of them had uncontrolled blood glucose.
There was an association between percentage bleeding score (P < 0.001) and metabolic control in adults with T1DM treated at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Periodontitis severity as described by staging was not associated with T1DM in this sample. The high prevalence of periodontitis in this sample (94%) highlights the need for periodontal management to form a part of holistic patient care in patients with T1DM in this setting.
The study results highlight the role of periodontitis severity and gingival bleeding scores on the metabolic control of adults with T1DM and thus emphasizes the importance of periodontal care in whole-person health in this patient population.
牙周炎在糖尿病患者中的发病率和患病率有所增加。非传染性疾病给南非公共卫生系统带来了负担，但在该人群中没有关于这种关系的数据报告。这是为了告知南非开普敦的 1 型糖尿病（T1DM）管理方案，目前该方案不重视牙周治疗。
本研究旨在确定在南非的一家三级医疗机构中，成人 T1DM 患者的牙周炎与血糖控制之间是否存在关联。
对诊断为 T1DM 的成年人进行横断面研究。评估探诊出血、牙周袋深度和影像学骨丢失，并将患者的牙周状况与其血糖控制情况进行比较，血糖控制情况通过 HbA1c 测量。HbA1c 水平≤7%被认为是血糖控制良好。
共有 120 名成年参与者，其中 61.7%（74 人）为女性，38.3%（46 人）为男性。大多数参与者为非吸烟者，年龄小于 44 岁。有 78 名（65%）参与者血糖控制不佳，42 名（35%）血糖控制良好（HbA1c≤7%）。HbA1c 中位数为 8.75（范围 6.1-12.2）。大多数参与者（94%）患有牙周炎，其中 97%的人血糖控制不佳。
在南非开普敦的一家三级医院接受治疗的 T1DM 成年人中，探诊出血百分比评分（P<0.001）与代谢控制之间存在关联。在本样本中，牙周炎严重程度（分期描述）与 T1DM 无关。本样本中牙周炎的高患病率（94%）突出表明，在这种情况下，需要将牙周管理纳入 T1DM 患者的整体患者护理中。
该研究结果强调了牙周炎严重程度和牙龈出血评分对 T1DM 成年人代谢控制的作用，从而强调了在该患者人群中，牙周护理在整体健康中的重要性。
