Fang Hongyi, Shen Weicheng, Guan Hongling, Chen Guoyi, Li Guang, Ai Wei, Fu Shiqiang, Xu Zuxiong, Chen Weiqing, Jia Peng, Yu Zixi, Wang Shuxin, Yu Zhiqiu, Lin Qingxian, Wang Jiahao, Zheng Wenwen, Pu Dexin, Fang Guojia, Ke Weijun
Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, School of Optical Information and Energy Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
Adv Mater. 2025 Feb;37(7):e2414790. doi: 10.1002/adma.202414790. Epub 2024 Nov 19.
Blade-coating techniques have attracted significant attention for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their high precursor utilization and simplicity. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of blade-coated PSCs often lags behind that of spin-coated devices, mainly due to difficulties in precisely controlling perovskite film formation during pre-nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation, and crystallization in the blade-coating and N-knife drying processes. In this work, a three-step restraining strategy is introduced utilizing functional glycine amide hydrochloride to regulate pre-nucleation clustering, suppress excessive heterogeneous nucleation, and decelerate crystallization, enabling comprehensive control of the perovskite film formation processes. This approach results in enlarged grains, reduced defect densities, and highly oriented crystalline wide-bandgap perovskite films with significantly prolonged carrier lifetimes, achieving a maximum PCE of 19.97% for 1.77 eV-bandgap blade-coated PSCs. Furthermore, two-terminal tandem cells, composed of wide-bandgap perovskite top cells and 1.25 eV-bandgap perovskite bottom cells fabricated via blade coating, yield an impressive PCE of 27.11% (stabilized at 26.87%). This study offers comprehensive insights into controlling pre-nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation, and crystallization during blade coating, providing valuable guidance for developing high-performance, large-area devices in the future.
刮涂技术因其前驱体利用率高和操作简单而在钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）领域引起了广泛关注。然而，刮涂PSC的功率转换效率（PCE）往往落后于旋涂器件，主要原因是在刮涂和N刀干燥过程中的预成核、异质成核和结晶过程中，精确控制钙钛矿薄膜的形成存在困难。在这项工作中，引入了一种三步抑制策略，利用功能性甘氨酸酰胺盐酸盐来调节预成核聚集、抑制过度的异质成核并减缓结晶，从而全面控制钙钛矿薄膜的形成过程。这种方法导致晶粒增大、缺陷密度降低以及具有高度取向结晶的宽带隙钙钛矿薄膜，其载流子寿命显著延长，对于1.77 eV带隙的刮涂PSC，实现了19.97%的最大PCE。此外，由宽带隙钙钛矿顶电池和通过刮涂制备的1.25 eV带隙钙钛矿底电池组成的两端串联电池，产生了令人印象深刻的27.11%的PCE（稳定在26.87%）。这项研究为刮涂过程中控制预成核、异质成核和结晶提供了全面的见解，为未来开发高性能、大面积器件提供了有价值的指导。
