Wang Aili, Du Kaihuai, Fang Zhimin, Ren Yinkang, Zhou Chenguang, Yang Yunlong, Dong Xu, Li Lvzhou, Zhang Luozheng, Yuan Ningyi, Li Guixiang, Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja, Ding Jianning
Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, School of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, P. R. China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China.
Adv Mater. 2025 Jun;37(24):e2418766. doi: 10.1002/adma.202418766. Epub 2025 Apr 7.
The rapid crystallization of mixed tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskites and their dependence on antisolvent processes limit the development of large-area Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Vacuum-flash-assisted solution processing (VASP) has emerged as a promising technique for large-scale fabrication. However, achieving consistent control over crystallization parameters remains a limitation. To address this, a pumping rate-controllable strategy is introduced, fitted from cavity pressure and time, to control nucleation and crystallization in Sn-Pb perovskite films. By tuning the pressure rate, the solvent volatilization rate of the perovskite wet film is optimized, enabling controlled nucleation and crystallization dynamics. This allows for the scalable fabrication of high-quality FAMAPbSnI films without additives to aid crystallization, achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 21% and 19% for Sn-Pb PSCs at 0.08 cm and 1 cm, respectively, the additives-free and antisolvent-free highest records. This further demonstrates that the uniformity and reproducibility of pumping rate control on a large 6 × 6 cm substrate. The approach is also applicable to wide bandgap PSCs, normal bandgap PSCs, and all-perovskite tandem solar cells, delivering a PCE >27% for the antisolvent-free and additive-free tandem device. This work establishes a scalable and versatile approach for developing large-area Sn-Pb and all-perovskite tandem devices, advancing the field toward practical applications.
混合锡铅（Sn-Pb）钙钛矿的快速结晶及其对反溶剂工艺的依赖性限制了大面积Sn-Pb钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的发展。真空闪蒸辅助溶液处理（VASP）已成为一种有前景的大规模制造技术。然而，对结晶参数实现一致控制仍然是一个限制因素。为了解决这个问题，引入了一种根据腔室压力和时间拟合的泵送速率可控策略，以控制Sn-Pb钙钛矿薄膜中的成核和结晶。通过调整压力速率，优化了钙钛矿湿膜的溶剂挥发速率，从而实现了可控的成核和结晶动力学。这使得无需添加有助于结晶的添加剂即可规模化制备高质量的FAMAPbSnI薄膜，对于Sn-Pb PSC，在0.08 cm²和1 cm²面积下分别实现了超过21%和19%的功率转换效率（PCE），这是无添加剂和无反溶剂的最高记录。这进一步证明了在6×6 cm的大尺寸基板上泵送速率控制的均匀性和可重复性。该方法还适用于宽带隙PSC、常规带隙PSC和全钙钛矿串联太阳能电池，对于无反溶剂和无添加剂的串联器件，PCE>27%。这项工作建立了一种可扩展且通用的方法来开发大面积Sn-Pb和全钙钛矿串联器件，推动该领域朝着实际应用发展。
