Mondal Susmita, Das Manosi, Debnath Sudipto, Sarkar Biresh Kumar, Babu Gajji
Central Ayurveda Research Institute, CCRAS, Ministry of Ayush, Kolkata, India.
Nat Prod Res. 2024 Nov 19:1-23. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2426059.
Medicinal plants have been used since time immemorial for the treatment of many types of diseases along with epidemics. They show many biological activities like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-insecticidal, antibiotic, anti-parasitic, anti-hemolytic properties etc. Different types of bioactive compounds, present in the medicinal plants, play a key role in prevention of diseases and also used for manufacturing medicines. Thus, phytochemicals have an immense value to communities worldwide. The present review focused on the extraction, purification and characterisation method for isolation of phytocompounds. Both the conventional like maceration, percolation, digestion, infusion a decoction, soxhlet and reflux, hydro distillation and steam distillation method and modern technique of extraction like ASE, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme-assisted fluid extraction, pressurised hot water extraction are elaborately explained in the present review. The methodology of purification by LLF & LLP, recrystallization, different chromatographic techniques like TLC, prep-TLC, column chromatography, flash column chromatography, SEC, counter current chromatography, HPLC & prep-GC are also included in the present review. Structure elucidation by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography are also discussed here.
自古以来，药用植物就被用于治疗多种疾病以及流行病。它们具有许多生物活性，如抗炎、抗氧化、抗杀虫、抗菌、抗寄生虫、抗溶血特性等。药用植物中存在的不同类型的生物活性化合物在疾病预防中起着关键作用，也用于制造药物。因此，植物化学物质对全世界的社区具有巨大价值。本综述重点关注植物化合物分离的提取、纯化和表征方法。本综述详细解释了传统方法，如浸渍法、渗漉法、消化法、浸泡法、煎煮法、索氏提取法和回流提取法、水蒸馏法和水蒸气蒸馏法，以及现代提取技术，如加速溶剂萃取、微波辅助萃取、超声辅助萃取、超临界流体萃取、酶辅助流体萃取、加压热水萃取。本综述还包括液液萃取和液液分配、重结晶、不同色谱技术（如薄层色谱、制备薄层色谱、柱色谱、快速柱色谱、尺寸排阻色谱、逆流色谱、高效液相色谱和制备气相色谱）的纯化方法。这里还讨论了通过紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振光谱、质谱和X射线晶体学进行结构解析的方法。
