Research progress on production and biomedical applications of Schizophyllan as a tailor-made polysaccharide: A review.

Schizophyllan (SPG) is a polysaccharide of Schizophyllum commune with a β-(1 → 3)-glucan backbone structure, which has been discussed in recent years for its extensive biomedical applications. Among the biological properties of this polysaccharide are anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and strengthening of the immune system. Its unique triple helix structure offers various advantages as a carrier for genes or other biomolecules. The side chains of SPG can be effectively modified to change its neutral state and produce aldehyde or carboxylate groups. This review provides a detailed evaluation of the methods of production, extraction, structure and applications of schizophyllan. First, the methods of production in solid and submerged culture of this polysaccharide and its extraction with different solvents will be investigated. Then the structure of this polysaccharide, its unique structural features, including triple helix conformation, complex formation gelation behavior will be investigated. Various modifications of this polysaccharide will be described and finally, the biomedical applications of this polysaccharide will be discussed as a therapeutic agent, the use of which can be a new path in treatment and a solution to existing challenges.