College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
Nat Commun. 2024 Nov 19;15(1):10012. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54374-z.
The 1957 H2N2 influenza pandemic virus [A(H2N2)pdm1957] has disappeared from humans since 1968, while H2N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are still circulating in birds. It is necessary to reveal the recurrence risk and potential cross-species infection of these AIVs from avian to mammals. We find that H2 AIVs circulating in domestic poultry in China have genetic and antigenic differences compared to the A(H2N2)pdm1957. One H2N2 AIV has a dual receptor-binding property similar to that of the A(H2N2)pdm1957. Molecular and structural studies reveal that the N144S, and N144E or R137M substitutions in hemagglutinin (HA) enable H2N2 avian or human viruses to bind or preferentially bind human-type receptor. The H2N2 AIV rapidly adapts to mice (female) and acquires mammalian-adapted mutations that facilitated transmission in guinea pigs and ferrets (female). These findings on the receptor-binding, infectivity, transmission, and mammalian-adaptation characteristics of H2N2 AIVs provide a reference for early-warning and prevention for this subtype.
1957 年 H2N2 流感大流行病毒 [A(H2N2)pdm1957] 自 1968 年以来已从人类中消失，而 H2N2 禽流感病毒（AIV）仍在禽类中传播。有必要揭示这些 AIV 从禽类到哺乳动物的复发风险和潜在的跨物种感染。我们发现，与 A(H2N2)pdm1957 相比，在中国家禽中循环的 H2 AIV 在遗传和抗原性上存在差异。一种 H2N2 AIV 具有类似于 A(H2N2)pdm1957 的双重受体结合特性。分子和结构研究表明，血凝素（HA）中的 N144S、N144E 或 R137M 取代使 H2N2 禽或人流感病毒能够结合或优先结合人源受体。H2N2 AIV 迅速适应小鼠（雌性），并获得有利于在豚鼠和雪貂（雌性）中传播的哺乳动物适应突变。这些关于 H2N2 AIV 的受体结合、感染性、传播和哺乳动物适应性特征的发现为该亚型的预警和预防提供了参考。
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