Aix Marseille University, SSA, RITMES, Marseille, France.
IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 20;14(1):28694. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78024-y.
Over the last two decades, an increase in bed bug infestations has been observed worldwide. Although their definitive role as vectors of infectious agents has not yet been demonstrated, bed bugs have a direct effect on human health through dermatological reactions to their bites and psychological disorders linked to domestic infestations. In this study, the effectiveness of using MALDI-TOF MS to correctly identify these two bed bug species at immature stages was assessed, as well as it effectiveness as discriminating between the immature stages (IS) of C. lectularius and C. hemipterus and their associated developmental stages. A total of 305 specimens were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis, including 153 C. lectularius (28 eggs and 25 nymphs per stage from IS1 to IS5) and 152 C. hemipterus (27 eggs and 25 nymphs per stage from IS1 to IS5). ). MALDI-TOF MS analysis enabled us to obtain 84.97% (130/153) of high-quality MS spectra in terms of reproducibility and profile intensity. Twenty-four spectra including two per stage, from egg to IS5, and per bed bug species - were added to our in-house MS reference arthropod spectra database. All specimens were correctly identified at the species level, independently of the developmental stage, with log score values (LSVs) ranging from 1.75 to 2.79 (mean = 2.29 ± 0.12) and 1.81 to 2.71 (mean = 2.37 ± 0.03) for C. lectularius and C. hemipterus, respectively. MALDI-TOF MS correctly classified 53,33% (104/195) of the Cimex at the correct immature stage. Conversely, an accurate comparison of the profiles with a Genetic Algorithm model underlined that grouping the immature stages in two groups, early (IS1-IS2) and late (IS3-IS4-IS5), made it possible to obtain a cross validation (CV) and recognition capability (RC) greater than 92% and 94%, respectively, for both species. This study holds great promise for the management of bed bug infestations.
在过去的二十年中，全世界范围内观察到臭虫感染的增加。尽管它们作为传染病媒介的确切作用尚未得到证实，但臭虫通过其叮咬引起的皮肤病反应以及与家庭感染相关的心理障碍，对人类健康产生直接影响。在这项研究中，评估了 MALDI-TOF MS 正确识别这两个臭虫物种在不成熟阶段的有效性，以及区分 C. lectularius 和 C. hemipterus 的不成熟阶段（IS）及其相关发育阶段的有效性。总共对 305 个标本进行了 MALDI-TOF MS 分析，其中包括 153 个 C. lectularius（28 个卵和每个阶段的 25 个若虫，从 IS1 到 IS5）和 152 个 C. hemipterus（每个阶段的 27 个卵和 25 个若虫，从 IS1 到 IS5）。MALDI-TOF MS 分析使我们能够获得 84.97%（130/153）的高重复性和图谱强度的高质量 MS 图谱。从卵到 IS5 以及每个臭虫物种的两个阶段，共 24 个图谱被添加到我们内部的 MS 参考节肢动物图谱数据库中。所有标本均在独立于发育阶段的情况下在物种水平上正确识别，对数得分值（LSV）范围为 1.75 至 2.79（平均值为 2.29 ± 0.12）和 1.81 至 2.71（平均值为 2.37 ± 0.03）分别用于 C. lectularius 和 C. hemipterus。MALDI-TOF MS 正确地将 53.33%（104/195）的 Cimex 分类到正确的不成熟阶段。相反，使用遗传算法模型对图谱进行准确比较，强调将不成熟阶段分为两组，早期（IS1-IS2）和晚期（IS3-IS4-IS5），可以获得大于 92%和 94%的交叉验证（CV）和识别能力（RC）对于两种物种。这项研究对于臭虫感染的管理具有很大的前景。
