Lederberg A R, Chapin S L, Rosenblatt V, Vandell D L
Child Dev. 1986 Apr;57(2):375-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00037.x.
The present study concerns ethnic, age, and gender playmate preferences of deaf and hearing preschoolers who were observed during outdoor free play at their respective schools over a 7-month period. Hispanic, black, and white children were included. It was hypothesized that peer preferences would be less apparent among deaf children than among hearing children if these preferences were based on (a) language differences between ethnic groups (e.g., Spanish-English differences), age groups (e.g., verbal fluency differences), or gender groups; or (b) cultural values communicated by speech. Both deaf and hearing children preferred to play with children of the same ethnicity, gender, and age as themselves. In addition, play among children of the same ethnicity, gender, and age was qualitatively different from play among children of different ethnicity, gender, and age. The only effect of deafness was to decrease the amount of gender segregation that occurred. The results suggest that the development of ethnic, gender, and age playmate preferences is not dependent on intergroup language differences or spoken cultural messages. Several nonlinguistic factors that might contribute to early peer preferences are discussed.
本研究关注在7个月的时间里，对聋人和听力正常的学龄前儿童在各自学校户外自由玩耍期间的种族、年龄和性别玩伴偏好进行观察。研究纳入了西班牙裔、黑人及白人儿童。研究假设，如果玩伴偏好基于以下因素，那么聋童中的玩伴偏好不如听力正常儿童明显：(a) 不同种族群体之间的语言差异（如西班牙语和英语的差异）、不同年龄群体之间的差异（如语言流利程度的差异）或不同性别群体之间的差异；或(b) 通过言语传达的文化价值观。聋童和听力正常儿童都更喜欢与同种族、同性别和同年龄的儿童玩耍。此外，同种族、同性别和同年龄儿童之间的玩耍在性质上与不同种族、不同性别和不同年龄儿童之间的玩耍有所不同。耳聋的唯一影响是减少了性别隔离的程度。研究结果表明，种族、性别和年龄玩伴偏好的发展并不依赖于群体间的语言差异或口头文化信息。文中还讨论了一些可能导致早期玩伴偏好的非语言因素。
