Zhang Wei, Qin Yu-Wen, Ding Yang-Fei, Xiong Jun-Wei, Chang Xiang-Wei, Zhao Hong-Su, Xia Cheng-Kai, Zhang Jiu-Ba, Li Yu, Mao Chun-Qin, Lu Tu-Lin, Wu De-Ling
College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Shaoquan Rd, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
Chin Med. 2024 Nov 19;19(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s13020-024-01013-w.
Chrysanthemi Flos is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of medicinal use. Prior research suggests that the intrinsic composition of Chrysanthemi Flos is affected by shade-drying and oven-drying methods. Nevertheless, the effects of these methods on the proteins and metabolites of Chrysanthemi Flos have not been extensively studied.
The TMT (tandem mass tag) quantitative proteomics method and the LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) non-targeted metabolomics method were used to systematically study the differences in the proteins and metabolites during the process of drying Chrysanthemi Flos in the shade and an oven.
Differentially accumulated metabolites and abundant proteins were primarily enriched in the purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, cyanogenic amino acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. Primary metabolites, such as guanine, xanthine, cytidine 5'-diphosphate serine, L-isoleucine, stearidonic acid, alginate, and inulin, play a crucial role in providing energy for Chrysanthemi Flos to withstand desiccation stress. The upregulation of ferulate-5- hydroxylase (F5H), shikimate O hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), and chalcone isomerase (CHI) enzymes promotes the synthesis of flavonoids, including sinapic acid, caffeoyl shikimic acid, and naringenin chalcone, which possess antioxidant properties. Despite the notable improvements in energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity, these enhancements proved insufficient in halting the senescence and ultimate demise of Chrysanthemi Flos. Moreover, the shade-drying method can inhibit protein expression and promote the accumulation of bioactive components, but the drying efficiency is low, while the oven-drying method exhibits rapid drying efficiency, it does not effectively preserve the components.
Our study offers a comprehensive explanation for the changes in protein expression and metabolite conversion observed in shade-dried and oven-dried Chrysanthemi Flos, also providing a foundation for optimizing the drying process of Chrysanthemi Flos.
菊花是一种有着悠久药用历史的传统中药。先前的研究表明，菊花的内在成分会受到阴干和烘干方法的影响。然而，这些方法对菊花蛋白质和代谢产物的影响尚未得到广泛研究。
采用串联质谱标签（TMT）定量蛋白质组学方法和液相色谱 - 串联质谱（LC - MS/MS）非靶向代谢组学方法，系统研究菊花在阴干和烘干过程中蛋白质和代谢产物的差异。
差异积累的代谢产物和丰富的蛋白质主要富集在嘌呤代谢、嘧啶代谢、生氰氨基酸代谢、苯丙烷生物合成以及淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径中。鸟嘌呤、黄嘌呤、胞苷5'-二磷酸丝氨酸、L - 异亮氨酸、硬脂酸、藻酸盐和菊粉等初级代谢产物，在为菊花抵御干燥胁迫提供能量方面起着关键作用。阿魏酸 - 5 - 羟化酶（F5H）、莽草酸O - 羟基肉桂酰转移酶（HCT）、咖啡酰辅酶A O - 甲基转移酶（CCoAOMT）和查尔酮异构酶（CHI）等酶的上调促进了具有抗氧化特性的黄酮类化合物的合成，包括芥子酸、咖啡酰莽草酸和柚皮素查尔酮。尽管能量代谢和抗氧化能力有显著提高，但这些增强不足以阻止菊花的衰老和最终死亡。此外，阴干方法可抑制蛋白质表达并促进生物活性成分的积累，但干燥效率低，而烘干方法干燥效率高，但不能有效保存成分。
我们的研究为阴干和烘干菊花中观察到的蛋白质表达变化和代谢产物转化提供了全面解释，也为优化菊花干燥工艺提供了基础。
