Ope Maurice, Musyoka Raymond, Kosar Abdihakim, Osman Mohammed, Hassan Abdijamal, Mohammed Hussein, Munyua Penina, Juma Bonventure, Hunsperger Elizabeth, Mohammed Sofia, Burton John, Eidex Rachel B
Division of Global Migration Health, CDC, Nairobi, Kenya.
Division of Global Migration Health, CDC, Nairobi, Kenya.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2025 Jan-Feb;63:102785. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102785. Epub 2024 Nov 20.
Refugee settings may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death, yet data on the response to the pandemic in these populations is scarce.
We describe interventions to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Dadaab Refugee Camp Complex, Kenya and performed descriptive analyses using March 2020 to December 2022 data from Kenya's national SARS-CoV-2 repository and line list of positive cases maintained by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). We calculated case fatality rates (CFR) and attack rates per 100,000 (AR) using the 2019 national census and population statistics from UNHCR and compared them to national figures.
SARS-CoV-2 infection was first reported in April and May 2020, among host community members and refugees respectively. Of 964 laboratory-confirmed cases, 700 (72.6 %) were refugees. The AR was 82.7 (95 % CI 72.6-92.8) for host community members, 228.3 (95 % CI 211.3-245.4) for refugees and 721.1 (95 % CI 718.7-723.5) nationally. The CFR was 1.5 % (95 % CI 0.15-3.18) for host community members, 1.76 % (95 % CI 1.71-1.80) nationally and 7.4 % (95 % CI 5.4-9.4) for refugees. Mitigation measures implemented by the Government of Kenya, UNHCR and partners during the pandemic included multisectoral coordination, movement restrictions, mass gathering bans, and health promotion. Social distancing, symptom screening and mandatory mask usage were enforced during mass gatherings. Testing capacity was bolstered, quarantine and isolation facilities established, and vaccination initiated.
Despite a low AR and UNHCR's swift and comprehensive response, refugees' CFR was high, underscoring their vulnerability and need for targeted interventions during epidemic responses.
难民环境可能会增加感染新冠病毒和死亡的风险，但关于这些人群对疫情反应的数据却很稀少。
我们描述了肯尼亚达达布难民营综合体内减轻新冠病毒传播的干预措施，并使用2020年3月至2022年12月来自肯尼亚国家新冠病毒储存库的数据以及联合国难民事务高级专员公署（难民署）维护的阳性病例清单进行了描述性分析。我们使用2019年全国人口普查和难民署的人口统计数据计算了每10万人的病死率（CFR）和发病率（AR），并将其与全国数据进行了比较。
2020年4月和5月分别首次报告了新冠病毒感染病例，感染者分别为当地社区成员和难民。在964例实验室确诊病例中，700例（72.6%）为难民。当地社区成员的AR为82.7（95%CI 72.6-92.8），难民为228.3（95%CI 211.3-245.4），全国为721.1（95%CI 718.7-723.5）。当地社区成员的CFR为1.5%（95%CI 0.15-3.18），全国为1.76%（95%CI 1.71-1.80），难民为7.4%（95%CI 5.4-9.4）。肯尼亚政府、难民署及其合作伙伴在疫情期间实施的缓解措施包括多部门协调、行动限制、禁止大规模集会以及健康促进。在大规模集会期间实施了社交距离、症状筛查和强制佩戴口罩措施。加强了检测能力，建立了隔离设施，并启动了疫苗接种工作。
尽管发病率较低，且难民署做出了迅速而全面的应对，但难民的病死率仍然很高，这凸显了他们的脆弱性以及在疫情应对期间需要有针对性的干预措施。
