Bian Xiaobo, Yu Xiaopeng, Lu Shiyang, Jia Linan, Li Ping, Yin Jianqiao, Tan Shutao
Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jan;284(Pt 1):137708. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137708. Epub 2024 Nov 20.
The gene therapy has been developed into a new cancer treatment option. Now that we know which molecular components contribute to carcinogenesis, we may use gene therapy to target particular signalling pathways in cancer treatment. Problems with gene therapy include genetic tool degradation in blood, off-targeting features, and inadequate tumor site accumulation; new delivery mechanisms are needed to address these issues. A polysaccharide made from chitin, chitosan has found extensive use in the creation of nanoparticles. The delivery of genes in the treatment of illnesses, particularly cancer, has made use of nanostructures modified with chitosan. Topics covered in this review center on cancer treatment using chitosan-based polymers for siRNA delivery. This study aims to assess the potential of chitosan nanoparticles for the simultaneous administration of siRNA and anti-cancer medications. In cancer treatment, these nanoparticles can transport phytochemicals or chemotherapeutics together with siRNA. In addition, chitosan nanoparticles loaded with siRNA can inhibit the growth and spread of human malignancies by delivering siRNA that targets particular genes. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with siRNA can heighten the responsiveness of cancer cells. Future therapeutic applications of chitosan nanoparticles may open the path for cancer treatment, thanks to their biocompatibility and biosafety.
基因治疗已发展成为一种新的癌症治疗选择。既然我们已经知道哪些分子成分会导致癌症发生，那么我们就可以在癌症治疗中利用基因治疗来靶向特定的信号通路。基因治疗存在的问题包括血液中基因工具的降解、脱靶特性以及肿瘤部位积累不足；需要新的递送机制来解决这些问题。壳聚糖是一种由几丁质制成的多糖，已在纳米颗粒的制备中得到广泛应用。壳聚糖修饰的纳米结构已被用于疾病治疗，尤其是癌症治疗中的基因递送。本综述涵盖的主题集中在使用基于壳聚糖的聚合物递送小干扰RNA（siRNA）进行癌症治疗。本研究旨在评估壳聚糖纳米颗粒同时递送siRNA和抗癌药物的潜力。在癌症治疗中，这些纳米颗粒可以将植物化学物质或化疗药物与siRNA一起运输。此外，负载siRNA的壳聚糖纳米颗粒可以通过递送靶向特定基因的siRNA来抑制人类恶性肿瘤的生长和扩散。负载siRNA的壳聚糖纳米颗粒可以提高癌细胞的反应性。由于壳聚糖纳米颗粒具有生物相容性和生物安全性，其未来的治疗应用可能为癌症治疗开辟道路。
