Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024 Nov 21;10(1):133. doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00609-2.
An intensive feeding system might improve the production cycle of yaks. However, how intensive feeding system contributes to yak growth is unclear. Here, multi-omics, including rumen metagenomics, rumen and plasma metabolomics, were performed to classify the regulatory mechanisms of intensive feeding system on yaks. Increased growth performance were observed. Rumen metagenomics revealed that Clostridium, Methanobrevibacter, Piromyces and Anaeromyces increased in the intensively fed yaks, contributing to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. The grazing yaks had more cellulolytic microbes. These microbiomes were correlated with the pathways of "Alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism" and "Pyruvate metabolism". Intensive feeding increased methane degradation functions, while grazing yaks had higher methyl metabolites associated with methane production. These rumen microbiomes and their metabolites resulted in changes in plasma metabolome, finally influencing yaks' growth. Thus, an intensive feeding system altered the rumen microbiome and metabolism as well as host metabolism, resulting in improvements of yak growth.
集约化饲养系统可能会改善牦牛的生产周期。然而，集约化饲养系统如何促进牦牛生长尚不清楚。在这里，我们进行了包括瘤胃宏基因组学、瘤胃和血浆代谢组学在内的多组学研究，以分类集约化饲养系统对牦牛的调控机制。结果发现牦牛的生长性能得到了提高。瘤胃宏基因组学研究表明，在集约化饲养的牦牛中，梭菌属、甲烷短杆菌属、拟杆菌属和厌氧甲烷八叠球菌属增加，有助于氨基酸和碳水化合物代谢。放牧牦牛中有更多的纤维素分解微生物。这些微生物与“丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢”和“丙酮酸代谢”途径相关。集约化饲养增加了甲烷降解功能，而放牧牦牛中与甲烷生成相关的甲基代谢物更高。这些瘤胃微生物组及其代谢物导致了血浆代谢组的变化，最终影响了牦牛的生长。因此，集约化饲养系统改变了瘤胃微生物组和代谢以及宿主代谢，从而提高了牦牛的生长性能。
