Ammerman Brooke A, Knorr Anne C, McClure Kenneth, O'Brien Connor, Xu Irene
Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
J Clin Psychol. 2025 Feb;81(2):51-61. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23747. Epub 2024 Nov 21.
Problematic alcohol use is a recognized risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Individuals who misuse alcohol and those experiencing suicidal ideation (SI) often exhibit elevated impulsivity, suggesting that impulsivity may be an underlying mechanism. Impulsivity fluctuates considerably within individuals over short periods, particularly among those engaged in episodic heavy drinking, college students, and those with SI. While impulsivity is associated with suicidal thinking at a trait level, its relationship with SI on a momentary level remains relatively unexplored. This study aimed to (a) replicate cross-sectional findings linking impulsivity and SI in those with problematic alcohol use, and (b) extend these findings to examine the momentary associations between impulsivity and SI within this population.
Two independent undergraduate samples were utilized: the first cross-sectional (n = 653) and the second employing ecological momentary assessment (n = 56). All participants screened for problematic alcohol or substance use.
Our results show a unique association between the impulsivity facet of negative urgency and SI. Results also demonstrate an interactive effect of negative affect and "spur of the moment decisions" in predicting concurrent SI, as well as an interaction between negative affect and "saying things without thinking" in prospectively predicting SI.
Findings highlight the saliency of negative urgency, both at the trait and state level in the prediction of SI. Although in need of replication, results indicate that specific aspects of momentary impulsivity may be uniquely linked with SI, and that this relationship may be context dependent.
酒精使用问题是自杀念头和行为的一个公认风险因素。滥用酒精的个体以及有自杀意念（SI）的个体通常表现出较高的冲动性，这表明冲动性可能是一种潜在机制。冲动性在个体内部短时间内波动很大，尤其是在那些偶尔大量饮酒的人、大学生以及有自杀意念的人群中。虽然冲动性在特质层面与自杀思维有关，但其与自杀意念在瞬间层面的关系仍相对未被探索。本研究旨在（a）复制在有酒精使用问题的人群中冲动性与自杀意念之间的横断面研究结果，以及（b）扩展这些结果以检验该人群中冲动性与自杀意念之间的瞬间关联。
使用了两个独立的本科样本：第一个是横断面样本（n = 653），第二个采用生态瞬时评估（n = 56）。所有参与者都接受了酒精或物质使用问题的筛查。
我们的结果显示消极紧迫性的冲动性方面与自杀意念之间存在独特关联。结果还表明，消极情绪和“一时冲动的决定”在预测同时出现的自杀意念时存在交互作用，以及消极情绪和“脱口而出”在预测未来自杀意念时存在交互作用。
研究结果突出了消极紧迫性在特质和状态层面预测自杀意念方面的显著性。尽管需要重复验证，但结果表明瞬间冲动性的特定方面可能与自杀意念有独特关联，且这种关系可能取决于情境。
