Jian Zhuang-Chun, Guo Jun-Xu, Liu Yi-Feng, Zhu Yan-Fang, Wang Jingqiang, Xiao Yao
College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
Chem Sci. 2024 Oct 21;15(47):19698-19728. doi: 10.1039/d4sc05206d. eCollection 2024 Dec 4.
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as competitive candidates for the next generation of electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems due to their low cost and abundant sodium resources. Layered oxide cathodes have attracted much interest owing to their simple preparation process, high specific capacity and environmental friendliness. However, undesired cation migration during electrochemical reactions can lead to irreversible phase transitions and structural degradation of layered oxide cathode materials, resulting in a sharp decrease in specific capacity and energy density. Therefore, in order to find effective strategies to suppress cation migration, the fundamental failure mechanism of layered oxides and the practical approaches to solve this key scientific issue are thoroughly investigated, and herein the history and current status of developments in this field are also reviewed. Elemental doping and structural design can directionally modify the electronic structure, energy band structure and electronic density of states in layered oxides and enhance cation migration barriers, which benefits the improvement of electrochemical performance and structural stability during the whole sodiation/desodiation process. The summary and prospects of inhibiting cation migration in layered oxides provide insights into the development of advanced cathode materials with high energy density and excellent structural stability for the commercialization of SIBs.
钠离子电池（SIBs）因其低成本和丰富的钠资源而被视为下一代电化学储能（EES）系统的有力候选者。层状氧化物阴极因其制备过程简单、比容量高和环境友好性而备受关注。然而，电化学反应过程中不期望的阳离子迁移会导致层状氧化物阴极材料发生不可逆的相变和结构退化，从而导致比容量和能量密度急剧下降。因此，为了找到抑制阳离子迁移的有效策略，深入研究了层状氧化物的基本失效机制以及解决这一关键科学问题的实际方法，本文还综述了该领域的发展历史和现状。元素掺杂和结构设计可以定向改变层状氧化物的电子结构、能带结构和态密度，并提高阳离子迁移势垒，这有利于在整个脱钠/嵌钠过程中提高电化学性能和结构稳定性。抑制层状氧化物中阳离子迁移的总结与展望为开发具有高能量密度和优异结构稳定性的先进阴极材料以实现钠离子电池商业化提供了思路。
