Raj Anand, Haider Ali, J Agraja, A Anjali, A Andrew, S Aparna, Sasidharan Navami, Johnson Melvi, S Aswathy
Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 21;16(10):e72077. doi: 10.7759/cureus.72077. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Background Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are a prevalent occupational hazard among healthcare workers (HCWs) globally. Strict adherence to standard work precautions by all HCWs at all times and the implementation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are measures for reducing the occurrence of NSIs. However, NSIs are poorly documented in the literature and may be a cause of morbidity in the long run. Objectives Our study aims to determine the prevalence of NSIs among HCWs and its associated factors in a tertiary healthcare centre in Kerala, India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 consenting HCWs who worked in different blocks of a tertiary care hospital in the Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire through personal interviews. The questionnaire gathered sociodemographic information, details regarding NSI occurrences over the past one year, the devices involved and PEP. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 20.0, Armonk, NY), and categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test and binomial logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with NSIs. Results The prevalence of NSIs among HCWs in the past 12 months was 31% (65 out of 210), with an average of 1.34 NSIs per HCW per year. The most commonly involved device was the intravenous (IV) cannula, and 22 out of 65 (33.8%) injuries occurred during injection procedures. A majority (45 out of 65; 69.23%) of HCWs reported NSI and 51 of them (78.4%) received PEP. Logistic regression analysis showed that HCWs aged over 31 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-8.42) were independently associated with a higher occurrence of NSIs. Conclusion Our findings underscore the importance of implementing comprehensive safety measures, including strict adherence to standard work precautions and timely administration of PEP.
针刺伤是全球医护人员中普遍存在的职业危害。所有医护人员在任何时候都严格遵守标准工作预防措施以及实施暴露后预防（PEP）是减少针刺伤发生的措施。然而，针刺伤在文献中的记录很少，从长远来看可能是发病的一个原因。目的：我们的研究旨在确定印度喀拉拉邦一家三级医疗中心医护人员中针刺伤的患病率及其相关因素。方法：对印度喀拉拉邦埃纳库拉姆区一家三级护理医院不同科室工作的210名同意参与的医护人员进行了横断面研究。通过个人访谈使用半结构化问卷收集数据。该问卷收集了社会人口学信息、过去一年针刺伤发生的详细情况、涉及的器械以及暴露后预防情况。使用社会科学统计软件包（IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows，IBM公司，版本20.0，纽约州阿蒙克）进行数据分析，分类变量以频率和百分比表示。采用卡方检验和二项逻辑回归来确定与针刺伤相关的因素。结果：在过去12个月中，医护人员针刺伤的患病率为31%（210人中65人），平均每名医护人员每年发生1.34次针刺伤。最常涉及的器械是静脉留置针，65例损伤中有22例（33.8%）发生在注射过程中。大多数（65例中的45例；69.23%）医护人员报告发生了针刺伤，其中51例（78.4%）接受了暴露后预防。逻辑回归分析表明，年龄超过31岁的医护人员（调整后的优势比（AOR）：3.39；95%置信区间（CI）：1.29 - 8.42）与针刺伤发生率较高独立相关。结论：我们的研究结果强调了实施全面安全措施的重要性，包括严格遵守标准工作预防措施和及时给予暴露后预防。
