Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing-Guided Eradication Therapy in the Southeast Region of China: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Antibiotic resistance of is increasing worldwide, lowering its efficacy in eradication therapy and posing a serious threat to human health. This study evaluated resistance to antibiotics in the southeast region of China and explored factors related to eradication failure guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST).

METHODS

In this retrospective study, patients who tested positive underwent gastroscopy, and infection was confirmed by histological staining and culture. We determined the rate of antibiotic resistance, success rate of AST-guided eradication therapy, and risk factors associated with treatment failure.

RESULTS

Among the 210 enrolled patients, 188 (89.5%) had successful cultures, and 183 (87.1%) underwent AST. The most common antibiotic resistance was to metronidazole and clarithromycin (89.6%), followed by levofloxacin (68.3%), and amoxicillin (14.2%). Furazolidone (3.0%) and tetracycline (0.5%) showed relatively low resistance rates. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of resistance to MET, LEV, or AMX between naive and non-naive patients. However, CLA resistance rates in non-naive patients were significantly higher than those in naive patients. The overall success rate of AST-guided therapy was high and showed no significant difference between first-line and rescue therapy. Sex, age, prior therapy, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) use were not significantly associated with an increased risk of eradication failure in AST-guided therapy.