Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Animal Production, Ibb University, P.O. Box 70270, Ibb, Yemen.
Vet Res Commun. 2024 Nov 22;49(1):29. doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10597-5.
Macromineral imbalances in ruminants, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, pose a significant challenge to production sustainability and profitability. Heat stress exacerbates these imbalances, negatively impacting physiological functions and productivity. This review examines the effects of heat stress on macromineral levels in ruminants and the need for supplementation under such conditions. Heat stress lowers key macrominerals (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca + 2, Mg + 2, inorganic P) and disrupts acid-base balance due to thermoregulatory responses and reduced feed intake. Supplementing macrominerals to the diet to achieve higher dietary cation-anion difference helps mitigate heat-related morbidity and maintains ruminant health and productivity. A more practical approach, such as sustained-release macromineral boluses in the rumen, is proposed to provide more consistent benefits. Further researches are warranted to optimize supplementation strategies and fully understand macromineral nutrition for heat-stressed ruminants.
反刍动物的大量矿物质失衡，特别是在热带和亚热带地区，对生产的可持续性和盈利能力构成了重大挑战。热应激加剧了这些失衡，对生理功能和生产力产生负面影响。本综述探讨了热应激对反刍动物大量矿物质水平的影响，以及在这种情况下补充这些矿物质的必要性。热应激会降低关键的大量矿物质（Na+、K+、Cl-、Ca+2、Mg+2、无机 P），并由于体温调节反应和采食量减少而破坏酸碱平衡。通过在日粮中补充大量矿物质以达到更高的日粮阳离子-阴离子差异，有助于减轻与热相关的发病率，维持反刍动物的健康和生产力。提出了一种更实用的方法，如在瘤胃中持续释放大量矿物质丸，以提供更持续的益处。有必要进行进一步的研究，以优化补充策略，并充分了解热应激反刍动物的大量矿物质营养。
