Demetriou Christiana A, Koshiaris Constantinos, Cory Olivia A, Constantinou Constantina, Kolokotroni Ourania, Marcou Yiola, Papamichael Demetris, Charalambous Haris, Vomvas Dimitrios, Demetriou Anna, Scoutellas Vasos, Quattrocchi Annalisa
Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.
University of Nicosia Medical School, Cyprus.
Cancer Epidemiol. 2025 Feb;94:102704. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102704. Epub 2024 Nov 23.
Breast, colorectal, lung and prostate cancers are the most frequent malignancies in Cyprus. This study estimated the incidence rate and 5-year net survival (NS) trends for these cancers, by sex, age, and tumor stage at diagnosis.
We analyzed data from the Cyprus Cancer Registry for adults diagnosed between 2004 and 2017, with follow-up until 2019. Tumor stage was classified into localized, regional, distant and unknown categories. We estimated the annual percentage change (APC) in incidence rates using Joinpoint regression. NS was estimated using flexible parametric models, adjusting for sex, age, stage and period of diagnosis. Multiple imputation was used to address unknown cancer stage.
During 2004-2017, the incidence significantly increased for breast and lung cancer (APC: 1.1 % and 2.6 %, respectively), mainly among the elderly (70 +). A decreasing trend was identified for prostate cancer only among individuals aged 80 +. No temporal variations were identified for colorectal cancer incidence. A positive time trend was identified for localized breast cancer between 2006 and 2017 (APC: 2.8 %). Conversely, a significant increase was noted at more advanced stages for lung (APC: 4.1 %) and prostate (APC: 7.6 %) cancers. NS improved for all cancers, ranging between 80 % and 90 % for regional and all stages of breast cancer, localized colorectal cancer, and all stages of prostate cancer, surpassing 95 % for localized breast cancer, localized and regional prostate cancer.
The study observed increased (breast and lung) or stable (colorectal and prostate) cancer incidence and substantial improvements in 5-years NS trends for all cancer types, despite differences by sex and stage. Efforts should be intensified to reduce incidence by addressing cancer risk factors, and to improve survival by implementing and increasing the uptake of screening programs.
乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肺癌和前列腺癌是塞浦路斯最常见的恶性肿瘤。本研究按性别、年龄和诊断时的肿瘤分期估计了这些癌症的发病率和5年净生存率（NS）趋势。
我们分析了塞浦路斯癌症登记处2004年至2017年期间诊断为癌症的成年人的数据，随访至2019年。肿瘤分期分为局限性、区域性、远处性和未知类别。我们使用Joinpoint回归估计发病率的年度百分比变化（APC）。使用灵活的参数模型估计NS，并对性别、年龄、分期和诊断时期进行调整。采用多重填补法处理未知癌症分期。
在2004 - 2017年期间，乳腺癌和肺癌的发病率显著上升（APC分别为1.1%和2.6%），主要发生在老年人（70岁及以上）中。仅在80岁及以上的个体中发现前列腺癌呈下降趋势。结直肠癌发病率未发现时间变化。2006年至2017年期间局限性乳腺癌呈上升趋势（APC为2.8%）。相反，肺癌（APC为4.1%）和前列腺癌（APC为7.6%）在更晚期阶段显著增加。所有癌症的NS均有所改善，区域性和所有阶段的乳腺癌、局限性结直肠癌以及所有阶段的前列腺癌的NS在80%至90%之间，局限性乳腺癌、局限性和区域性前列腺癌的NS超过95%。
该研究观察到癌症发病率上升（乳腺癌和肺癌）或稳定（结直肠癌和前列腺癌），并且所有癌症类型的5年NS趋势有显著改善，尽管存在性别和分期差异。应加大力度通过解决癌症风险因素来降低发病率，并通过实施和增加筛查项目的参与度来提高生存率。
