Woo J, Kripfgans O, Wang I-C, Samal A, Betancourt A R, Fenno J C, Chan H-L
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
J Dent Res. 2024 Dec;103(13):1403-1411. doi: 10.1177/00220345241286807. Epub 2024 Nov 24.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the gingival vascular response to mechanical compression during inflammation using ultrasonography. Four female and 4 male Sinclair mini pigs 18 mo of age were included in the study. Pathogenic bacteria-impregnated silk ligatures were placed around the third premolars (PM3), fourth premolars (PM4), and first molars (M1). Ligatures were placed per quadrant at 2-wk intervals in random order. Ultrasonographic study was performed at 2-wk intervals following baseline until the 10th week. Brightness mode (B-mode) images and color flow cine loops were captured at 2 different conditions: 1 with only coupling gel between the ultrasound transducer and the mucosal surface and 1 with the transducer compressing the mucosal surface. The compression was visually adjusted until minimal to no blood flow was detected in color-flow mode. Compression was facilitated using a solid gel pad attached to the transducer. Strain values were obtained from B-mode images of the gel pad and plotted versus study weeks. The test comparisons were obtained to the baseline (week 0). Data from female and male pigs were plotted and analyzed separately for comparison. Gel pad strain increased with peak around week 4 and gradually decreased in both sexes. In male pigs, the increase in strain was statistically significant in weeks 2, 4, and 6 of all teeth regions and week 8 of PM4 and M1 regions. In female pigs, the increase in strain was significant in only week 4 of PM4. Higher strain required for stoppage of blood flow implies increased gingival blood flow with inflammation, which corresponds with previous studies. Considerably smaller changes in gel pad strain were noted from female pigs, indicating a smaller increase in gingival blood flow compared with males. This study demonstrated a possible application of intraoral ultrasonography for assessment of gingival inflammation.
本研究的目的是使用超声检查评估炎症期间牙龈对机械压迫的血管反应。研究纳入了4只18月龄的雌性和4只雄性辛克莱小型猪。将浸渍有致病细菌的丝线结扎在第三前磨牙（PM3）、第四前磨牙（PM4）和第一磨牙（M1）周围。每个象限以随机顺序每隔2周放置结扎线。在基线后每隔2周进行超声检查，直至第10周。在2种不同条件下采集亮度模式（B模式）图像和彩色血流电影环：1种是超声换能器与黏膜表面之间仅使用耦合剂，另1种是换能器压迫黏膜表面。通过视觉调整压迫程度，直到在彩色血流模式下检测到最小至无血流。使用连接到换能器的固体凝胶垫辅助压迫。从凝胶垫的B模式图像中获得应变值，并绘制相对于研究周数的图表。将测试结果与基线（第0周）进行比较。分别绘制和分析雌性和雄性猪的数据以进行比较。凝胶垫应变在第4周左右达到峰值并逐渐下降，两性均如此。在雄性猪中，所有牙齿区域的第2、4和6周以及PM4和M1区域的第8周，应变增加具有统计学意义。在雌性猪中，仅PM4的第4周应变增加具有统计学意义。血流停止所需的较高应变意味着炎症时牙龈血流量增加，这与先前的研究一致。雌性猪的凝胶垫应变变化明显较小，表明与雄性相比，牙龈血流量增加较小。本研究证明了口腔内超声检查在评估牙龈炎症方面的可能应用。
