Wang Haolin, Lu Xiao, Palmer Paul I, Zhang Lin, Lu Keding, Li Ke, Nagashima Tatsuya, Koo Ja-Ho, Tanimoto Hiroshi, Wang Haichao, Gao Meng, He Cheng, Wu Kai, Fan Shaojia, Zhang Yuanhang
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China.
Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2024 Oct 24;11(11):nwae369. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae369. eCollection 2024 Nov.
Ozone pollution is a major environmental threat to human health. Timely assessment of ozone trends is crucial for informing environmental policy. Here we show that for the most recent decade (2013-2022) in the northern hemisphere, warm-season (April-September) mean daily 8-h average maximum ozone increases much faster in urban regions with top ozone levels (mainly in the North China Plain, 1.2 ± 1.3 ppbv year) than in other, low-ozone regions (0.2 ± 0.9 ppbv year). These trends widen the ozone differences across urban regions, and increase extreme pollution levels and health threats from a global perspective. Comparison of historical trends in different urban regions reveals that ozone increases in China during 2013-2022 differ in magnitude and mechanisms to historical periods in other regions since 1980. This reflects a unique chemical environment characterized by exceptionally high nitrogen oxides and aerosol concentrations, where reducing ozone precursor emissions leads to substantial ozone increase. Ozone increase in China has slowed down in 2018-2022 compared to 2013-2017, driven by ongoing emission reductions, but with ozone-favorable weather conditions. Historical ozone evolution in Japan and South Korea indicates that ozone increases should be suppressed with continuous emission reduction. Increasing temperature and associated wildfires have also reversed ozone decreases in the USA and Europe, with anthropogenic ozone control slowing down in recent decades.
臭氧污染是对人类健康的重大环境威胁。及时评估臭氧趋势对于制定环境政策至关重要。在此我们表明，在北半球最近十年（2013 - 2022年），在臭氧水平最高的城市地区（主要位于华北平原，年增长率为1.2±1.3 ppbv），暖季（4月至9月）的日平均8小时最大臭氧增加速度比其他低臭氧地区（年增长率为0.2±0.9 ppbv）快得多。这些趋势扩大了城市地区之间的臭氧差异，并从全球角度增加了极端污染水平和健康威胁。不同城市地区历史趋势的比较表明，2013 - 2022年期间中国的臭氧增加在幅度和机制上与自1980年以来其他地区的历史时期不同。这反映了一种独特的化学环境，其特征是氮氧化物和气溶胶浓度异常高，在这种环境下减少臭氧前体排放会导致臭氧大幅增加。与2013 - 2017年相比，由于持续减排且天气条件有利于臭氧生成，中国的臭氧增加在2018 - 2022年有所放缓。日本和韩国的历史臭氧演变表明，持续减排应能抑制臭氧增加。气温上升及相关野火也扭转了美国和欧洲的臭氧减少趋势，近几十年来人为臭氧控制有所放缓。
