School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
The Second People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Wuzhishan, Hainan, China.
PeerJ. 2024 Nov 21;12:e18574. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18574. eCollection 2024.
Seasonal retired migrants are mainly retired or semiretired people who migrate to warmer areas during the winter and then return to their original homes in the following year. Despite its increasing popularity, the evidence concerning the health status of Chinese seasonal retired migrants is controversial. Although some studies have shown that seasonal retired migrants have better health status, other studies note that migrants are driven involuntarily by health concerns and that their mental health suffers during migration. The objective of this study was to provide quantified evidence on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of seasonal retired migrants in China and to identify potential factors associated with HRQoL.
This was a community-based cross-sectional study of seasonal retired migrants who lived in Wuzhishan, Hainan during the winter. The Chinese version of the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) was used to assess participants' HRQoL. Data on demographic and behavioral characteristics, body mass index, and the presence of chronic diseases were collected using a self-administered survey. Logistic regressions were used to explore the factors associated with responses in each dimension of the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system, and a multiple linear regression model was used to explore the factors associated with EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) scores.
A total of 992 participants (female: 56.5%) were enrolled in the current study, with a mean age of 67.87 ± 6.98 years. Most participants reported problems in the pain/discomfort dimension (16.7%), followed by the anxiety/depression dimension (8.3%). Few participants reported problems in the first three dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L: mobility (5.4%), usual activities (2.0%), and self-care (1.2%). The median EQ-VAS score was 84 (interquartile range: 80-89). The regression results indicated that poor sleep quality, the presence of chronic diseases, and low-level physical activity were important factors that were negatively associated with multiple dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L. In addition, the EQ-VAS score was negatively associated with age, the presence of chronic diseases, poor sleep quality, and low-level physical activity.
This study revealed that Chinese seasonal retired migrants have high HRQoL. In addition, this study revealed that sleep quality and physical activity are correlated with multiple dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system and EQ-VAS. Therefore, lifestyle interventions related to sleep quality and physical activity are essential for improving HRQoL among Chinese seasonal retired migrants.
季节性退休移民主要是指在冬季迁移到温暖地区的退休或半退休人员，然后在次年返回原籍地。尽管这种移民方式越来越受欢迎，但有关中国季节性退休移民健康状况的证据仍存在争议。尽管一些研究表明季节性退休移民的健康状况更好，但其他研究指出，移民是出于健康原因被迫迁移的，而且他们在迁移过程中会遭受心理健康问题的困扰。本研究旨在提供有关中国季节性退休移民健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）的量化证据，并确定与 HRQoL 相关的潜在因素。
这是一项基于社区的横断面研究，研究对象为冬季居住在海南五指山的季节性退休移民。采用中文版欧洲五维健康量表 5 维度 5 水平量表（EQ-5D-5L）评估参与者的 HRQoL。使用自我管理调查收集人口统计学和行为特征、体重指数和慢性病存在情况的数据。使用逻辑回归模型探讨 EQ-5D-5L 描述系统各维度中与应答相关的因素，使用多元线性回归模型探讨与欧洲五维健康量表视觉模拟评分（EQ-VAS）相关的因素。
本研究共纳入 992 名参与者（女性：56.5%），平均年龄为 67.87±6.98 岁。大多数参与者报告在疼痛/不适维度存在问题（16.7%），其次是焦虑/抑郁维度（8.3%）。仅有少数参与者报告在 EQ-5D-5L 的前三个维度存在问题：行动能力（5.4%）、日常活动（2.0%）和自我护理（1.2%）。EQ-VAS 评分中位数为 84（四分位距：80-89）。回归结果表明，睡眠质量差、患有慢性病和低水平体力活动是与 EQ-5D-5L 多个维度负相关的重要因素。此外，EQ-VAS 评分与年龄、患有慢性病、睡眠质量差和低水平体力活动呈负相关。
本研究表明中国季节性退休移民的 HRQoL 较高。此外，本研究还表明，睡眠质量和体力活动与 EQ-5D-5L 描述系统的多个维度和 EQ-VAS 相关。因此，与睡眠质量和体力活动相关的生活方式干预措施对于改善中国季节性退休移民的 HRQoL 至关重要。
