老年人口代际支持与健康关系的研究：来自中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）的证据
A study of intergenerational support and the health relationship of the elderly population: Evidence from CHARLS.
作者信息
Wang Jinzhen, Peng Wenjia, Miao Changjun, Bao Yuekui, Yang Danhong
机构信息
Zujing Community Health Service Centre, Jinshan District Health Committee, Shanghai, China.
School of Public Health,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
出版信息
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 23;10(21):e39709. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39709. eCollection 2024 Nov 15.
BACKGROUND
Currently, the relationship of intergenerational support on health is mainly focused on physical health and mental health, and there are fewer studies on the relationship of intergenerational support on self-assessed health. Therefore, this paper discusses and analyzes the possible relationship of intergenerational support on the self-assessed health of older adults in terms of the bidirectional support of various forms of support between older parents and their adult children in terms of financial, living, and emotional support(CHARLS).
METHODS
This study was conducted on participants aged 65 and over, using the CHARLS 2020 survey, involving 6359 (3069 men and 3290 women) elderly people.Health was measured in three dimensions: physical, psychological, and self-assessment; intergenerational support was measured in three dimensions: financial, life care, and spiritual comfort; and regression models analysed the relationship between intergenerational support and the health of the elderly population.
RESULTS
Children's life care support (p < 0.05) had a significant positive association on physiological health, but a significant negative association on the elderly's psychological and self-assessed health, children's spiritual comfort support (p < 0.05) had a positive association on the elderly's physiological health, psychological health, and self-assessed health, and children's financial support (p < 0.05) was positively correlated with the elderly's psychological, and children's financial support had a positive association, but not related to physical health and self-rated health of the elderly.
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between intergenerational support and the health of the older population is complex, with life-care support significantly contributing to physical health but negatively affecting mental health and self-assessed health; spiritual comfort support positively affecting physical, mental and self-assessed health; and financial support having a primarily positive effect on mental health. Therefore, children should fully respect and utilise the 'autonomy' of the elderly when providing intergenerational support to the elderly in their families. It is also important to improve intergenerational communication abilities and skills, which will help to better understand and fulfil the needs of older people, thereby promoting their physical and mental health.
背景
目前，代际支持与健康的关系主要集中在身体健康和心理健康方面，而关于代际支持与自评健康关系的研究较少。因此，本文从老年父母与成年子女之间在经济、生活和情感支持（中国健康与养老追踪调查）等多种形式支持的双向性角度，探讨并分析代际支持对老年人自评健康可能存在的关系。
方法
本研究以65岁及以上的参与者为对象，采用中国健康与养老追踪调查2020年的数据，涉及6359名（3069名男性和3290名女性）老年人。健康状况从身体、心理和自评三个维度进行衡量；代际支持从经济、生活照料和精神慰藉三个维度进行衡量；并通过回归模型分析代际支持与老年人群健康之间的关系。
结果
子女的生活照料支持（p<0.05）对生理健康有显著的正向关联，但对老年人的心理和自评健康有显著的负向关联；子女的精神慰藉支持（p<0.05）对老年人的生理健康、心理健康和自评健康有正向关联；子女的经济支持（p<0.05）与老年人的心理呈正相关，且子女的经济支持有正向关联，但与老年人的身体健康和自评健康无关。
结论
代际支持与老年人群健康之间的关系较为复杂，生活照料支持对身体健康有显著贡献，但对心理健康和自评健康有负面影响；精神慰藉支持对身体、心理和自评健康有正向影响；经济支持主要对心理健康有积极作用。因此，子女在家庭中为老年人提供代际支持时，应充分尊重并利用老年人的“自主性”。提高代际沟通能力和技巧也很重要，这将有助于更好地理解和满足老年人的需求，从而促进他们的身心健康。
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