Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2025 Jan-Feb;60(1):e13135. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.13135. Epub 2024 Nov 25.
Secondary behaviours, which encompass reactions developed due to an individual's fear and stress about stuttering, have the potential to exacerbate the condition. Therefore, self-evaluation of secondary behaviours is significant in the multidimensional approach for people who stutter (PWS).
To determine the validity and reliability of the Revised Scale of Avoidance and Struggle Behaviours in Stuttering (r-SASBS).
METHODS & PROCEDURES: The results of the item analysis and content validity of the Scale of Avoidance and Struggle Behaviours in Stuttering (SASBS), whose pilot study was completed, were reviewed and the number of items was reduced from 30 to 16. The r-SASBS was administered to 440 participants (PWS = 365; people who did not stutter = 75). The content, construct, discriminant validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the r-SASBS were analysed.
OUTCOMES & RESULTS: Content validity was analysed quantitatively based on expert opinions and was found to be high. The r-SASBS had two factors based on exploratory factor analysis. The number of items was reduced to 14 using confirmatory factor analysis. With discriminant validity, it was found that the r-SASBS could distinguish between the groups. The internal consistency and reliability of the test-retest scores were found to be high.
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATION: These findings indicated that the r-SASBS is a reliable and valid scale for the self-evaluation of secondary behaviours in PWS. Thus, it can be used by speech-language pathologists for the multidimensional assessment of stuttering. The validity and reliability of the r-SASBS should be investigated in school-aged children who stutter.
What is already known on this subject Assessment of secondary behaviours in stuttering can be performed using objective and subjective tools. In this regard, a preliminary study was conducted to evaluate these behaviours, using the SASBS, which was developed based on interviews with PWS and a literature review. This study established the content and structural validity of the assessment and found it to have high internal consistency. What this study adds to the existing knowledge Although secondary behaviour assessments need to be comprehensive, it can be time-consuming in busy clinical settings. Owing to the importance of self-reported secondary behaviours in the assessment of stuttering and the reliability of information obtained from the client, there is a need for scales that can be administered quickly to assess the impact of secondary behaviours in PWS. This study examines the validity and reliability of the r-SASBS. What are the practical and clinical implications of this work? The SASBS was reviewed in this study and the number of items was reduced. The r-SASBS was administered to 440 participants. The validity of the r-SASBS was determined based on its content, discriminant, and construct validity. The reliability of the r-SASBS was determined using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The results indicate that the r-SASBS is a reliable and valid tool for self-evaluating secondary behaviours in PWS. This could be a valuable measure of secondary behaviours in stuttering, which could improve treatment outcomes.
继发行为涵盖了个体对口吃的恐惧和压力所产生的反应，有可能使口吃状况恶化。因此，对口吃继发行为的自我评估对于口吃者（PWS）的多维评估方法至关重要。
确定修订版口吃回避和抗争行为量表（r-SASBS）的有效性和可靠性。
对已完成初步研究的口吃回避和抗争行为量表（SASBS）的项目分析和内容有效性进行了回顾，并将量表的项目数量从 30 项减少至 16 项。对 440 名参与者（PWS=365；不口吃者=75）进行了 r-SASBS 测试。对 r-SASBS 的内容、结构、判别有效性、内部一致性和重测信度进行了分析。
内容有效性基于专家意见进行了定量分析，结果表明该量表具有高度有效性。基于探索性因素分析，r-SASBS 具有两个因素。使用验证性因素分析将项目数量减少至 14 项。具有判别有效性，表明 r-SASBS 能够区分不同的组别。重测分数的内部一致性和可靠性均较高。
这些发现表明 r-SASBS 是一种可靠且有效的 PWS 继发行为自我评估工具。因此，言语治疗师可以使用该工具对口吃进行多维评估。r-SASBS 的有效性和可靠性应在口吃的学龄儿童中进行研究。
对口吃继发行为的评估可以使用客观和主观工具进行。在这方面，进行了一项初步研究，使用 SASBS 对口吃者进行评估，SASBS 是基于口吃者的访谈和文献综述开发的。该研究确定了评估的内容和结构有效性，并发现其具有较高的内部一致性。
尽管继发行为评估需要全面，但在繁忙的临床环境中可能会很耗时。由于口吃者自我报告的继发行为的重要性以及客户提供的信息的可靠性，需要开发能够快速评估口吃者继发行为影响的量表。本研究检验了 r-SASBS 的有效性和可靠性。
这项工作的实际和临床意义是什么？
本研究对 SASBS 进行了审查并减少了项目数量。对 440 名参与者进行了 r-SASBS 测试。r-SASBS 的有效性是基于其内容、判别和结构有效性确定的。r-SASBS 的可靠性是通过内部一致性和重测信度来确定的。结果表明，r-SASBS 是一种可靠且有效的 PWS 自我评估继发行为的工具。这可能是口吃继发行为的一个有价值的衡量标准，可以改善治疗效果。
