Systematic analysis of the glucose-PTS in highlighted its importance in central metabolism and bacterial fitness.

UNLABELLED

Previous work reported that deletion of the Enzyme IIAB subunits (EIIAB and ) of the glucose phosphotransferase system (PTS) (glucose-PTS, ) in impacted carbon catabolite repression and bacterial fitness. Here, a single-nucleotide polymorphism in ManN, ManNA91E, produced the unusual phenotype of increased excretion of organic acids and HO yet elevated PTS activities. To characterize the contributions of each component of the glucose-PTS to bacterial fitness, we performed genetic analyses by deleting from SK36 the entire operon and each EII subunit individually; and genes encoding the catabolite control protein A (Δ) and the redox regulator Rex (Δ) for comparison. Deletion of each subunit incurred a growth defect on glucose partly due to elevated excretion of HO; when supplemented with catalase, this defect was rescued, instead resulting in a significantly higher yield than the parent. All glucose-PTS deletion mutants presented an increased antagonism against the oral pathobiont , a phenotype absent in Δ despite increased HO output. A shift in the pyruvate node toward mixed acid fermentation and increased arginine deiminase activity enhanced pH homeostasis in glucose-PTS mutants but not Δ. Despite the purported ability of Rex to regulate central carbon metabolism, deletion of had no significant impact on most of the phenotypes discussed here. These findings place glucose-PTS in the pivotal position of controlling central carbon flux in streptococci, with critical outcomes impacting acidogenicity, aciduricity, pH homeostasis, and antagonism, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for treating diseases with a dysbiotic microbiome.

IMPORTANCE

Management of carbohydrate metabolism and environmental stress is key to the survival of oral commensal species such as . Antagonism of oral pathobionts and modulation of the environmental pH and oxidative potential by commensals are crucial to the maintenance of microbial homeostasis and prevention of oral diseases including dental caries. It is therefore vital to understand how these species regulate sugar fermentation, production of acids and ammonia, and stress management in an environment known for a feast-and-famine cycle of carbohydrates and similar fluctuations in pH and oxygen tension. Here, we detail that genetic alterations of the glucose-PTS transporter in can significantly affect the regulation of factors required for bacterial fitness and homeostatic ability independent of known catabolic regulators. It is then discussed how these changes may impact the survival of streptococcal species and affect caries onset.