Effect of daily immersion of different beverages on the surface roughness and color stability of 3D-printed denture base resins.

PURPOSE

To measure the effect of daily immersion in varying beverages (distilled water, tea, carbonated beverage, and orange juice) on surface roughness and color stability of 3D-printed denture base resins.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

160 acrylic resin discs (15 × 2.5 mm) were made from heat-polymerized (HP), and 3D-printed resins (FormLabs, ASIGA, and NextDent). Resin discs (N = 40) were immersed in different solutions (distilled water, tea, carbonated beverage, or orange juice; (n = 10/group)). Surface roughness (R, µm) was measured initially (T), 6 months post immersion (T), and 12 months post immersion (T) using a non-contact profilometer. Color change (∆E) was calculated using CIEL2000 at T and T using a spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test in addition to general linear modeling (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

Significant differences in surface roughness (R) were found between the baseline and immersion in distilled water, carbonated beverage, and orange juice (p < 0.05). HP resin showed increased roughness with all immersion solutions compared to T with the highest value seen at T with tea. ASIGA resin had the highest mean R of 1.78 (0.43) after carbonated beverage immersion, while FormLabs resin had the lowest mean R of 0.88 (0.06) after distilled water immersion. Tea immersion did not significantly affect R among the resins (p > 0.05). Noticeable color changes were observed after immersion in tea, carbonated beverage, and orange juice. All resins exceeded perceptibility and acceptability thresholds at T and T. The combined effect of time and resin on color change was statistically significant (p < 0.001), while the combined effects of time/immersion solution, immersion solution/resin, and immersion solution/resin/time were not.

CONCLUSION

Carbonated beverage, tea, and orange juice increase the surface roughness of 3D-printed resins. Tea, carbonated beverage, and orange juice resulted in noticeable color changes of HP and 3D-printed denture base resins and this change was time-dependent.