Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11231, Egypt.
Metab Brain Dis. 2024 Nov 26;40(1):42. doi: 10.1007/s11011-024-01456-y.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of brain cancer, characterized by its poor prognosis and low survival rate despite current treatment modalities. Because GBM is lethal, clarifying the pathogenesis's underlying mechanisms is important, which are still poorly understood. Recent discoveries in the fields of molecular genetics and cancer biology have demonstrated the critical role that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play in the molecular pathophysiology of GBM growth. LncRNAs are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. They are significant epigenetic modulators that control gene e expression at several levels. Their dysregulation and interactions with important signaling pathways play a major role in the malignancy and development of GBM. The increasing role of lncRNAs in GBM pathogenesis is thoroughly examined in this review, with particular attention given to their regulation mechanisms in key signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and p53. It also looks into lncRNAs' potential as new biomarkers and treatment targets for GBM. In addition, the study discusses the difficulties in delivering lncRNA-based medicines across the blood-brain barrier and identifies areas that need more research to advance lncRNA-oriented treatments for this deadly cancer.
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是最具侵袭性的脑癌之一，尽管目前有多种治疗方法，但预后较差，生存率低。由于 GBM 是致命的，阐明其发病机制的潜在机制很重要，但目前仍知之甚少。分子遗传学和癌症生物学领域的最新发现表明，非编码 RNA（ncRNA），尤其是长非编码 RNA（lncRNA），在 GBM 生长的分子病理生理学中起着关键作用。lncRNA 是长度超过 200 个核苷酸但不编码蛋白质的转录本。它们是重要的表观遗传调节剂，可在多个水平上控制基因表达。它们的失调以及与重要信号通路的相互作用在 GBM 的恶性肿瘤和发展中起着主要作用。本综述深入探讨了 lncRNA 在 GBM 发病机制中的作用，特别关注它们在 PI3K/AKT、Wnt/β-catenin 和 p53 等关键信号通路中的调控机制。它还探讨了 lncRNA 作为 GBM 的新生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。此外，该研究还讨论了 lncRNA 类药物跨越血脑屏障的递送困难，并确定了需要更多研究以推进针对这种致命癌症的 lncRNA 靶向治疗的领域。
