Akter Sajeda, Chowdhury Parveen Afroz, Hakim Al, Nurunnahar Mehejabin, Jahan Md Asraful, Uddin Md Siraj, Azad Abul Kalam
Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Department of Dermatology, Sylhet Women's Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Future Microbiol. 2025 Feb;20(2):137-147. doi: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2428140. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
This study identified and determined antibiograms of keratinolytic dermatophytes (DM), non-dermatophytic molds (NDM), and yeasts causing onychomycosis.
Morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics were used to identify DM and NDM. The keratinolytic activity (KA) and antibiograms were conducted with keratin azure and the agar diffusion method, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined using the microdilution method.
Onychomycosis was more prevalent in males (53%) than females, toenails (57%) than fingernails, and commercial employees (40%) than other employees or unemployed. Fungal growth was observed in 92.5% nail samples. DM, NDM, and yeasts caused 46%, 35%, and 19% onychomycosis, respectively. and were the common DM. Five different genus of NDM and three different yeasts were isolated. The KA of DM was 30-45% higher than that of NDM and yeasts. All fungal isolates (FI) were resistant to griseofulvin and fluconazole. However, 71%, 64%, and 36% of FI were sensitive to terbinafine hydrochloride, nystatin, and ketoconazole, respectively, while 84% of DM and 46% of NDM were multidrug-resistant. The MIC and MFC of these antifungals against FI ranged from micrograms to milligrams.
Multidrug resistance is growing in keratinolytic DM and NDM.
本研究鉴定并确定了引起甲癣的角质溶解型皮肤癣菌（DM）、非皮肤癣菌性霉菌（NDM）和酵母菌的抗菌谱。
利用形态学、培养和生化特征来鉴定DM和NDM。分别采用角蛋白天青和琼脂扩散法进行角质溶解活性（KA）和抗菌谱检测。使用微量稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MFC）。
甲癣在男性（53%）中比女性更常见，在趾甲（57%）中比指甲更常见，在商业员工（40%）中比其他员工或失业者更常见。在92.5%的指甲样本中观察到真菌生长。DM、NDM和酵母菌分别引起46%、35%和19%的甲癣。 和 是常见的DM。分离出了五种不同属的NDM和三种不同的酵母菌。DM的KA比NDM和酵母菌高30 - 45%。所有真菌分离株（FI）对灰黄霉素和氟康唑耐药。然而，分别有71%、64%和36%的FI对盐酸特比萘芬、制霉菌素和酮康唑敏感，而84%的DM和46%的NDM具有多重耐药性。这些抗真菌药物对FI的MIC和MFC范围从微克到毫克。
角质溶解型DM和NDM中的多重耐药性正在增加。
